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STEREOGRAPHED 

il^THE COipPOHDIHG STYLE; 

With Interpaged'Xey ; and with Notes. 
J3y jk. N D R^EW jS p R^A HAM. 

NEW YORK: 

^NDREW J. 0F(AHy\M, 

744 BROADWAY. 

1891. 



























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ENTERED, ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE YEAR 18G0, BY 

ANDREW J. GRAHAM, 

IN THE CLERK’S OFFICE OF TIIE DISTRICT COURT OF TIIE UNITED STATES 
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK. 

ENTERED, ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE YEAR 1885, BY 

ANDREW J. GRAHAM, 

IN TIIE OFFICE OF TIIE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, AT WASHINGTON, D. C. 


To secure the phonographic engraving and the various Revisions of the 
previous edition , and the combination of the same with the Keg. 


ENTERED, ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE YEAR 1891, BY 

ANDREW J. GRAHAM, 

IN TnE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, AT WASHINGTON, D. C. 


To secure the Revision of the Keg , and the Combination of the same with the 
Engraving. 


























\ VvS-iv % T.. 



TO THE FIRST 


STAN 1) ARD-PHONO G R A PH 1C REA PER 


§ 1. This Key is designed for use when Standard Phonography is studied in 
accordance with the second method of study described in the next paragraph. 
Its Notes and Questions will be highly useful to those who have studied in 
accordance with the first method. 

§ 2. TWO METHODS OF STUDY. 

The Standard-Phonographic Series secures two methods of instruction and 
study. FIRST. Tlie books may be studied in the ordinary method, the Princi¬ 
ples and the Details being learned from the Hand-Book and then Applied and 
Familiarized in reading and writing the exercises (1) in the Hand-Book, accord¬ 
ing to the exercise, and (2) in the First Reader, and (3) in the Second Reader. 
SECONDLY. There may be learned only those Principles which are indispensa¬ 
ble for commencing to read (as by the study of the Synopsis up to p. 29), and then 
these principles may be Familiarized, and the Details thoroughly acquired by 
reading (1) the interlinear exercises of the Synopsis, (2) the First Reader, by aid 
of its Key. and (3) the Second Reader with its Key. The Hand-Hand, as an En¬ 
cyclopedia of Principles and Details, being referred to as indicated by refer¬ 
ence in the Readers. The second method will be found easiest for private stu¬ 
dents, especially for young persons, and should be adopted for classes taking 
short courses of lessons. 

§ 3. METHOD OF READING AND PRACTICE. 

1. Read, by aid of the Key, a page of the engraving, or so much as may have 
been assigned as an exercise : answer the questions at the bottom of the Key- 
pages ; read the notes carefully ; and make the references to the Hand-Book, 
indicated in the Key-pages and in the Notes and References (pp. 75-82, referred 
to by the small figures in the engraving). 

2. As soon as a page or exercise can be read easily without reference to the Key, 
the engraving should be placed in view as a “copy,” and copied several times, 
with a pen, until all the characters can be easily and gracefully formed, and espe¬ 
cially until the form and position of each word-sign, contraction, and phrase- 
sign are carefully impressed upon the memory. 

3. That the preceding requirement has been well complied with, will be de¬ 
monstrated if the pupil can then phonograph the words of the Key, and a com¬ 
parison of the writing with the engraving should reveal no errors. 

This method of reading and practice, though laborious, should be strictly con¬ 
formed to, the pupil being assured that no other method will so rapidly advance 
him or her to the thorough knowledge and easy use of one the most beautiful 
and useful arts. 

NOMENCLATURE. 

§ 4. The system of naming the letters should be familiarized, not only for its 
present use, but so that the Phonographic Dictionary may be easily and certainly- 
used to ascertain the best outlines in all your phonographic writing. Without a 
name-system a Phonographic Dictionary with the requisite completeness would 
have been practically impossible. Without the Phonographic Dictionary many 
bad forms for words would be employed, many phonographers would secure 
















iv KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

but a portion of the advantages and benefits of Phonography, and many, per- 
i haps, would abandon it at the very threshold of success. 

| § 5. For the NAMES— 

1. Of the primary Consonants-Signs— 

see the Compendium, Part II, of the 
Hand Book, § 14, and R. 1, 2, and 3. 

2. Of the Large Circle and the Loops — 

§ 28, R. 2 ; 29. R, 2 ; 30, R. 2. 

3. Of the Vowel-Signs—§ 49. 

4. Of the Diphthong-Signs—§ 100. 

5. Of the El- and Ar-liook-Signs—§ 105. 

G. Of the Ar-Hooks preceded by a Circle 

or Loop—§ 171, R. 1. 

7. Of the Hook for In, En , or Un— § 174, 

R. 1. 

§ 6. To which let there be added— 

1. That dashes, angles, and ticks may be indicated by quoting the words for 
which they stand, as 4 all/ 4 of/ 4 1/ or names may formed for them by adding to 
the names of the half-lengths which these small signs resemble the syllable oid, 
signifying like or resembling ; thus Petoidi, i. e. t Fet-iike, which is the sign for Of. 

2. That Prefix and Affix signs are indicated by quoting them, thus, 4 con/ 

4 accom/ 4 ing/ 4 bility/ or syllable-names may be employed for some. 

3. That the position of a sign is denoted by a small ( 44 superior ”) figure, as i 
for the First position (See § 39,1), 2 for the Second Position (§ 39, 2), 3 for the Third 
Position (§ 39, 3), 4 for the Reporting Fourth Position. § 2G0. 

4. That a Hyphen (-) denotes Joining of letters ; a Colon (:), Disjoining or Near; 
a Dagger (t), Crossing ; as in En-Vee 2 , Never ; KayLBee, Capability ; EnifTee, Not - 
withstanding . 

REFERENCES. 

§ 7. Throughout this work it should be observed— 

1. That the references, unless otherwise specified, are to the Compendium, Part 
II. of the Hand Book. C. or Comp.=Compendium. Orth. =Orthographer, Part 
V. of the Hand-Book. Syn=Synopsis. 

2. That the references are to the sections and their subdivisions, unless xn % e- 
ceded by p.=page. Two or more references are separated by a semicolon ; thus, 
48 ; 150. 

§ 8. KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION. 

As i)ronunciation will need to be indicated occasionally in the subsequent 
Images, the following Key should be observed by the student: 

a, e, etc., long ; a, e, etc., short ; u as in full, and as o in to ; u as in up ; *e as 
ai in air ; o as a in all; 6 as o in for, long ; a as a in ah ; a as a art; a as a in ask ; 
iu as oo in too ; dh for spoken th y as in then ; and th for the whispered th , as in 
thin; zh for the spoken sound corresponding to the whispered sh. (•) Accent; 
thus, ak-sent. (.) Syllable-mark ; thus, in.kwir. 

For ordinary purposes I do not distinguish between o and 6 ; a, a, and a ; e 
| and e ; simply because the different situations of these sounds are sufficient dis¬ 
tinction for ordinary purposes. In the Standard-Phouographic Dictionary these 
distinctions are always carefully indicated. 

§9. Observe that in the use of a twelve-vowel scale (§§ 44; 47) some of the 
vowel-signs represent two sounds, as specified— 

1. The second-place heavy dot represents either a as in ai/=al, or ai as in air= 
*er, i. e ., either a or $e, the latter being the prolonged sound of a as in at. 2. The 
second-place light dot represents either e or e, i . e. f e as in met or e as in fern. 3. 
The third-place heavy dot represents either a or a, i. e. f either a as in ah, father, 
or the same sound simply shortened, as in art, arm, part, after. 4. That the 
third-xdace light dot represents either a or a, i. e. t either a as iu at(i. e. x short¬ 
ened) or a as in ask, which requires the tongue to be in j)Osition midway between 
a and a, i. e. 9 straight. 4 a’ requires it to be curved up, thus, — , and a requires 
the root of the tongue to be dei>ressed. 5, The first-fdace heavy dash stands for 
both o and 6 , i. e. t for a as in all=o 1 , and the same sound simply shortened as in 
long, lost, horse, or, dog. G. The second-j)lace heavy dash stands for either o or 
o, i. e., either o as in old, known— non, or o as in whole— hoi or none— non. 


8. Of the Ler- and Rel-liook Signs—§ 175. 

9. Of the Ef- and En-Hook Signs — g 183; 

184 ; 186, R. 2. 

10. Of the Slion- and Tiv Hook Signs— 
§ 192 ; 193. 

11. Of the Small Hook for Shon—§ 197. 

12. Of Widened Em—§ 204, R. 1. 

13. Of Lengthened Letters—§ 207, R. 1; 
2G4, R. 2. 

14. Of the Shortened Letters—8 214. 

15. Of Enlarged Way and Yay—§ 262, R. 
1 ; 263, R. 1. 















Iv E Y 


TO THE 


FIRST STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC READER. 


WHAT I LIVE F0If. 


I live for those who love me, 

For those I know are true, 

For the heaven that smiles above me, 
And awaits my spirit, too ; 

For the human ties that bind me. 
For the task by God assigned me, 
For the bright hopes left behind me. 
And the good that I can do. 

I live to learn their story, 

Who’ve suffered for my sake, 

To emulate their glory, 

And follow in their wake : 


Bards, martyrs, patriots, sages, 

The noble of all ages, 

Whose deeds crown hist’ry’s pages, 
And Time's great volume make. 

I live to hail the season, 

By gifted minds foretold, 

When men shall rule by reason, 
And not alone by gold— 

When mau to man united. 

And every wrong thing righted, 
The whole world shall be lighted 
As Eden was of old. 


Questions. —What is a word-sign ? See § 33. What is a sign-word ? 33. What 
is the rule of position for word-signs ? 39. What is the sign for All ? [68 ; 69]— 
alone? and when alone? and joined? [71] are? [37]—as? be? [55, b ]—by? 
can ? do ? [55, b] —every ? for ? God ? great ? hope ? hopes ? [38, 2]—I ? in ? 
m their ? [211]—know? man? men? [55, a]—me? my? not? of? [68; 69]— 
shall, spirit, that ? the when alone ? [69]— the joined? [70]—their? tiling? those? 
to ? two ? was ? when ? who ? who’ve ? [69 ; 201, H, 4]—whose ? [69, R. 3]—whole ? 
[55, a]—world ? 

With wliat should w following an initial vowel be written? 117,4. What is 
the rule of position for words of horizontal letters only ? 52. For words having 
perpendicular or sloping letters? 53. For words whose first or only inclined 
consonant is half-length ? 219. How may a dash-vowel be written to read between 
the consonants of an El-hook or Ar-hook sign ? 169, 3. See Gold, volume, foretold, 
on p. 5. 




































































































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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 0 * 

I live to hold communion 
With’all that is divine. 

To feel there is a union 
’.Twixt nature’s heart and mine ; 

To profit by affliction, 

Reap truths from fields of fiction, 

Grow wiser from conviction, 

And fulfill each grand design. 


SYSTEMATIC READING. 

Read Systematically. Nothing truly useful and permanent can be 
acquired without a plan ; no one ever became well-informed by acci¬ 
dent. Begin with elementary tacts and principles, and as you advance, 
you will presently see at least the relations and connections of the dif¬ 
ferent departments of knowledge. Do not run from one subject to 
another : one thing at a time is ordinarily enough for most minds. Let 
your reading-time he sacredly appropriated, remembering how much 
useful knowledge is to be acquired, and how short the time to acquire it. 

Read slowly. It is not the reading of many books that secures knowl¬ 
edge. Some fear to admit that they have not read the new publi¬ 
cations of the day ; but it is a pitiful ambition, that of the omnivorous 
reader, who wishes to be understood as having read everything, and 
who, to enable him to prate with appearance. 


Questions. —What is the word-sign for Another ? at? but ? different ? do not ? 
each? every? from? have? having? [232, 4]—him ? [55, a]—how? is? it? let? 
much? nature? nature’s? [40, R. 2]—no ? one? principle? principles? [40, 2]— 
read? reading? remembering? subject? there? they? to be? truth? truths? 
use ? useful ? [40,2]—with? without ? wish? wishes? you? your? What is 
the contraction [104, R. 2] for Understood ? new ? knowledge ? How are the 
words of the implied ? 248. How is the prefix vxll- expressed ? 229. What word 
of a phrase usually determines its position ? 245. See Can be, it is not the, every¬ 
thing, on p. 6. 

Phonographic Description. —The naming of the phonographic outlines, in accord¬ 
ance with the system of Phonographic Nomenclature, is called Phonographic De¬ 
scription. Some specimens of it will occur in subsequent pages when space allows. 


I live for those who love me, 

For those who know me true. 

For the heaven that smiles above me. 
And awaits my spirit, too ; 

For the wrong that needs resistance, 
For the cause that lacks assistance. 
For the future in the distance. 

And the good that I can do. 

G. L. Banks. ' 























KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


of information, skims through this work and that, or hunts through the 
reviews and gets a second-hand smattering, to secure the praise of be¬ 
ing well-read. 

Those who truly desire to improve, will despise such affectation, and 
he content to read deliberately. I do not mean sluggishly, but thought¬ 
fully. There is a world of wisdom in the old adage, “Make haste 
slowly,” and those who read, as all should, for the purpose of acquiring 
useful knowledge, will observe that adage by reading with a fixed effort 
of attention and thought. It was remarked by Haller, that “We are 
deaf while yawning, for the same act of drowsiness which opens our 
mouths, closes our ears.” It is much the same in acts of the under¬ 
standing. A lazy, half-attention amounts to a mental yawn. 

In aiming at mental improvement, our object may be considered in 
a two-fold aspect: to fill the mind with facts involving principles, and 
to enlarge the mind itself; to sharpen the faculties, and to strengthen 
them. The reader wants not only materials for his business, but he 
must improve the tools of his trade, his mental faculties. Discursive 
reading will never do either. By it the mind is made a mere passive 
recipient, not an active agent; and the dreamy, lialf-cauglit ideas of the 
author, pass away like shadows, leaving no definite or permanent im¬ 
pressions. 

Read with a resolution to make what you read your own. Several ways of 
doing this may be suggested. The most important is a habit of fixed at¬ 
tention and thought. Another is to write as you read; to make an 
abstract of your author; its results arc sure and invaluable. Among 
these results will be one which every person should desire -the ability 
to express himself with purity and precision. One author thus studied, 
will benefit the mind more than fifty passed over rapidly. 


Questions .—What is the sign for At ? away ? being ? (derivative word-sign— 
40, 2)—by ? either ? every ? for ? for his ? (p. 142. R. 7, a—245)—he ? himself? [232, 
13]—his ? [37, R. 1]—important ? improve ? improvement ? invaluable ? [deriva¬ 
tive word-sign—178]—may? made Vmaterials ? [dies =derivative word-sign—210]— 
mere ? more ? never ? of his ? [245]—or ? own ? [55, aj—our ? object ? [142, R. 1]— 
over ? remark ? remarked ? [178]—several ? should ? [72]—this ? thought ? than ? 
through? then? thus? want? way? we are? well? what? while? which? 
will ? What is the affix-sign for -ing? [232, 4.] 

Phonographic DescHption. —“ Those who truly desire,” etc.—Dhees 3 Jedoid 2 [i. e., 
like Jed, or shortened Jay, the syllable oid signifying like, as in spheroid^sphere- 
hke ] Ter-Lay Dees-Ar Petoid 2 Emp 3 , Lay 3 Dees2-Pees Iss-Chay [or Schay] Ef- 
Kay-Teeshon, Ketoid-Bee2 ‘ con ’:Teut2 Petoid 2 Ardi Del-Bret-Lay. Retoid- 
Dent 3 Meni Slay-Gay-Sliel, Tetoid 3 Thet'-Fel. Dhers 3 -Ketoid Eld 3 Petoidi Zed*- 
Em Ent-Chetoid Eld 3 Dee-Jay, “Em 3 -Kay Hayst Slay-Lay,” Ketoid-Dhees 3 Jedoid 3 
Ard 1 , Iss 3 Bedoidi Chetoid 3 —. 









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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


8* 


By conversing with others relative to what you have read, especially 
if they are familiar with the subject, the mind will be stimulated, and 
obtain a better command of its knowledge, and the facts and principles 
will be more deeply impressed upon it. “Reading makes the full man, 
writing the correct man, and speaking the ready man. ’ ’ Dr. Potts. 


NOTE-MAKING. 

The practice of writing down thoughts and facts for the purpose cf 
holding them fast, and preventing their escape into the dim region of 
forgetfulness, has been much resorted to by thoughtful and studious men. 
Addison amassed as much as three folios of manuscript materials before 
I he began his “Spectator ” Lord Bacon left behind him many man¬ 
uscripts, entitled * ‘ Sudden Thoughts Set Down for Use. ’ ’ Erskine made 
great extracts from Burke; and Eldon copied “Coke upon Littleton” twice 
over with his own hand, so that the book became, as it were, part of 
his own mind. The late Dr. Pye Smith, when apprenticed to his father' 
as a book-binder, w r as accustomed to make copious memoranda of all the 
books he read, with extracts and criticisms. These note-books after¬ 
wards proved like Richter’s “ Quarries,” the great storehouse from which 
lie drew his illustrations. 

The same practice characterized the eminent John Hunter, who 
adopted it for the purpose of supplying the defects of memory ; and he 
w r as accustomed thus to illustrate the advantages to be derived from 
putting,one’s thoughts in writing. “ It resembles,” he said, “ a trades¬ 
man taking an account of stock, without which he never knows either 
what he posseses, or in what he is deficient.” Samuel Smiles. 


Questions. —What is the sign for Account ? advantage? advantages? after¬ 
ward? and he was ? as a? as it ? as much as? [246]—before ? down ? especial-ly ? 
full ? has been ? [245]—he is ? if? if they are [211]—know ? knows ? Lord? manu¬ 
script ? put? putting? of his own? [245]—of its? one’s? so? so that the? to his? 
upon ? upon it? use? were? will be ? without which? you have? 245. 

Observe that the tick for A-n-d is perpendicular or horizontal, and the The-t ick 
slanting. How can the A-n-d tick be written to imply a preceding ing ? How can 
the The -tick be written for that purpose ? What is the affix-sign for -Julness ? 232, 2. 




















KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


THE MOSS-COVERED BUCKET. 

1. How dear to my heart are the scenes of my childhood. 

When l'ond recollection presents them to view ! 

The orchard, the meadow, the deep-tangled wild-wood. 

And every loved spot which my infancy knew ; 

The wide-spreading pond, and the mill that stood by it. 

The bridge and the rock where the cataract fell, 

The cot of my father, the dairy-house nigh it, 

And e'en the rude bucket which hung in the well I 
The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket. 

The inoss-covered bucket which hung in the well. 

2. That moss-covered vessel I hail as a treasure ; 

For often, at noon, when returned from tlie field, 

I found it the source of an exquisite pleasure. 

The purest and sweetest that nature can yield. 

How ardent I seized it, with hands that were glowing, 

And quick to the white-pebbled bottom it fell, 

• Then soon, with the emblem of truth overflowing, 

And dripping with coolness, it rose irom the well : 

The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket, 

The moss-covered bucket arose from the well. 


Questions. —What is the sign for And-the ? as a? at? dear? I? knew? nature? ! 
of an? of my? often? [201, B. 1]— over - when a prefix? [229]—pleasure? that? 
that were ? them ? to the ? truth ? when ? How may a diphthong-sign be written 
i so as to read between the consonants of an El-liook or Ar hook sign ? 169, 4. In 

I what position should Fend for fond be written ? 219, 1. 

Phonographic Description .—“ How dear," etc.—ou 2 Der 2 Pet*oid 2 Emi Art 2 Ar 2 - 
Ret*oid Sensi PetokU-Em OhekH-Dee, Wen * 1 Fend 1 Ray-Kel-Kayshon Per-Sents 
Dhee 2 Petoid 2 Vee ! e 1 Ar-Clierd, e 1 Em-Dee, e 1 Dee-Pee Tee-Ing-Geld Weld 1 - 
Well-Dee, Ketoid-Ver 2 Lay-Ved Spet 1 Chay 2 Em 1 En-Fen-Es En 2 -Chetoid ; e 1 
(wI)Dee SpredVing' Pend 1 , Ketoid 2 -Clietoid Em-Lay Dliet 1 Stei 2 Bee 1 Tee 2 ; 
e 1 Ber-Jav Ketoid 2 -dhetoid Ray-Kay Wer 2 -Chetoid Ket-Ray-Ket Fel, ei Ket 1 
PetokU-Em Efdher 2 , e 1 Dee Ray Hays En 1 Tee 2 , Ketoid-En 1 e 1 Ray-Dee Bee-Ket 
Chay 2 Ing 2 Eni-Chetoid Wei 2 ! e 1 Eld2 Ken Bee-Ket, e 1 Arn-Bend Bee-Ket, el 
Ems-Kef-Red Bee-Ket Cliay2lng Em-Chetoid Wel 2 . 



















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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


10* 


3. How sweet from the green mossy brim to receive it. 
As, poised on the curb, it inclined to my lips I 
Not a full-blushing goblet could tempt me to leave it. 
Though filled with the nectar which Jupiter sips. 
And now, far removed from that loved situation, 

The tear of regret will intrusively swell. 

As faucy reverts to my father’s plantation. 

And sighs for the bucket which hangs in the well; 
The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket. 

The mossHCOvered bucket, which hangs in the well. 


THE SHIFTING HUES OF LIFE. 

Life has, for an observer, such a quick succession of interesting and 
amusing adventure, that it is almost inconceivable he should ever feel 
dull, or weary of it. No one day resembles another. Every hour, 
every minute, opens new stores to our experience, and new excite¬ 
ments to our curiosity. We are always on the eve and on the morrow 
of some surprising event. Like the moth, we are forever flying toward 
a star but with this difference, that we attain it, and if sometimes we 
find that a halo which we fancied a glory is but some deceiving mist, at 
least we have learned a lesson. 

If we look upon life merely as humble students, we shall not feel any 
great bitterness at such disappointments. It is only when we hug our ig¬ 
norance to our hearts, that we are, and deserve to be, miserable. But 
if we open the eyes of the mind, and dertermine to be neither wantonly 
stupid nor inattentive, an enchanted world begins to rise from chaos. 
The aspect even of the room in which we sit grows lively with a thou- 
| sand unsuspected curiosities. We discern that the most ordinary person 
is invested with some noticeable characteristic. If we deign to look but 
I for five minutes at any common-place thing, we become aware of its 
pecidiar beauty ; and there is not a bird that wings through the air, nor 
a flower that blossoms in the garden, nor an insect. 


Questions —What is the sign for Almost? always? and on the? any? as? 
aware? become? could? difference? even? forever? has? [37, R. 1]—hour? if? 
if wo? interest? interesting? in which? [24(1]—is not? merely? [Observe that 
the primitive word mere retains its position when the formative Lay for -ly is 
added. 261, R. 2] -my father? nor? now? on the? [72. 6J—peculiar? surprise? 
[The first r omitted. 236, 4.]—surprising ? to be ? toward ? toward a-n ? we ? [140] 
—wo find ? we have ? we shall not ? with a ? 


















11* 


KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


that crawls in the depths of the earth, nor a fish that swims in the 
water, but has its own singular and delightful story.— Household Words. 


A WONDERFUL INSTRUMENT. 

A gentleman just returned from the city, was surrounded by his chil¬ 
dren, who were eager to hear the news, and still more eager to see the 
contents of a small portmanteau, which were, one by one, carefully un¬ 
folded and displayed to view. After distributing among them a few 
presents, the father took his seat again, and the following conversation 
took place. 

Father. I have brought from the city, for my own use, something far 
more curious and valuable than any of the little gifts which you have 
received. It is too good to present to any of you, hut I will give you a 
brief description of it, and then, perhaps, allow you to inspect it. 

This small instrument displays the most perfect ingenuity of construc¬ 
tion, and the most exquisite nicety and beauty of workmanship. From 
its extreme delicacy, it is so liable to injury, that a sort of slight curtain 
adorned with a beautiful fringe, is always provided, and so placed as to 
fall, in a moment, on the approach of the slightest danger. Its exter¬ 
nal appearance is always more or less beautiful, although in this respect 
there is a great variety in the different sorts. 

But the internal contrivance is the same in all of them, and is, in the 
highest degree, curious and wonderful. By a slight movement easily 
effected by the person to whom it belongs, you can ascertain with great 
accuracy, the size, color, shape, weight, and value of any article, what¬ 
ever. A person who has one of these instruments, is saved the trouble of 
asking a thousand questions, and of making troublesome experiments, 
and at the same time,. 


Questions .—What is the sign for After? again ? aud? and is? and of? and the? 
and then? any? as to? but? but the? by a? by his? carefully? different? few? 
for? from the? gentleman? great? has? has it? has its? I have? I will? is? 
is the? in the? in this respect? it is? more? my? nor? nor a? of a? of it? of 
these? [246, 1]—one? own? or? something? than, that, then, tliey-m? there is 
a? this? to? too? use? value? valuable? was? were? whatever? which? who? 
with? with a? you? you have? [246]—you can ? 

What is the sign for the prolix con-? [228,3]—for the affix -ing? [232, 4]—for 
















11 


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-— J^o-uselioli Words. 


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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


l>y its use, lie obtains much more t 
than he could in any other way. 

Edward. If they are such very 
useful things, I wonder that every¬ 
body that can afford it, does not 
have one. 

F. They are not so uncommon 
as you may suppose; I know sev¬ 
eral individuals who possess one or 
two of them. 

llenry. How large is it, father? 
Could I hold it in my hand ? 

F. You might: but I should be 
very sorry to trust mine with you. 

F. You will be obliged to take 
very great care of it, then. 

F. Indeed I must. I intend 
every night to inclose it in the 
small screen of which I told you, 
and it must, besides, occasionally 
be washed in a certain colorless 
II uid, kept for this purpose. But, 
notwithstanding the tenderness of 
this instrument, it may be darted 
to a great distance, without the 
least injury or any danger of los¬ 
ing it. 


12* 

iccurate and extensive information 

II. How high can you dart it, 
father ? 

F. I am almost afraid to tell you, 
lest you should think I am jesting. 

E. Higher than this house I 
suppose ? 

F. Much higher. 

II. Then how do you get it again ? 

F. It is easily cast down again 
by a gentle movement that does it 
no injury. 

E. But who can do this ? 

F. The person whose business it 
is to take care of it. 

II. Well, I can not understand 
you at all; but do tell us, father, 
what is it chiefly used for ? 

F. Its uses are so various, that I 
know not which to mention. It is 
of great service in deciphering old 
manuscripts, and indeed, has its 
use in modern prints. It will assist 
us greatly in acquiring all kinds of 
knowledge, and without it,. 


Questions.— What is the sign for Almost ? [229]—and it must ? are ? as ? at all ? 
can ? can not ? care ? could ? do ? does ? does not ? down ? every ? for ? he ? 
higher? [102, R. 2]—how? I? [102]—I am? [103 ; 245]—it? if they are? [211— 
is? is it? it? it will? [178]—kind ? kinds? [221]—know? knowledge? may? 
might? more? [178]—much? no? not? [221]—notwithstanding? of it? of them? 
of which? [246, 1]—other? [178]—several? should be? [72. 5]—tell? they are? 
[178]—they are not ? this ? [37]—to a-n ? told? [221]—thing ? things ? [37 ; 38, 1]— 
uncommon ? [37 ; p. 142, R. 5]-us ? [37]—use ? uses ? [38, 1]—useful ? [p. 142, R. 5] 
used? [221]—very? way? [37]—well? [140]—with? [140]—which? [37]—who? 
69]—whose? [69, R. 3]—without? [221]-you? [140, and R. 3]—you may? [245]— 
you should ? you will be ? 

Observe that unaccented vowels are frequently omitted [239], and sometimes 
all the vowels of words of peculiar outline or of frequent occurrence, as instru¬ 
ment. 239, 2. 
















13 * 


KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


some of the most sublime parts of 
creation would be matter of mere 
conjecture. 

E. Well, tell us something more 
about it. 

F. It is of a very penetrating 
quality, and can often discover 
secrets which could be detected by 
no other means. It must be con¬ 
fessed, however, that it is equally 
liable to reveal them. 

II. What! can it speak, then ? 

F. It is sometimes said to do so, 
especially when it meets with one 
of its own species. 

E. Of what color is it ? 

F. They vary considerably in 
this respect. 

E. Of what color is yours ? 

F. I believe it is of a darkish 
color, but, to confess the truth, I 
never saw it in my life. 

E. and II. Never saw it in your 
life? 

F. No, nor do I wish to see it: 


but I have seen a representation of 
it, which is so exact that my curi¬ 
osity is perfectly satisfied. 

E. But why don’t you look at 
the thing itself? 

F. I should be in danger of los¬ 
ing it, if I did. 

II. Then you could buy another. 

F. Nay, T believe that I could 
not prevail on anybody to part 
with such a thing. 

E. Then how did you get this 
one. 

F. I am so fortunate as to have 
more than one: but how I got 
them I really can not recollect. 

E. Not recollect? Why, you 
said you brought them from the 
city to-night. 

F. So I did; I should be sorry 
if I had left them behind me. 

II. Tell, father, do tell us the 
name of this wonderful instrument. 

F. It is called —an eye. 

Jane Taylor. 


Questions T-Wliat is the sign for About ? at ? at the ? called ? [221]—could not ? 
[245]—do not ? [221]—equal-ly ? [178]—however ? [37]—I did ? [103]—I lia l ? [103 ? 
240, 1]—itself? [37]—matter? [210]—mere? [178] ofteu ? [201, and R. 1]—repre¬ 
sentation? [202]—see? [37]—something? [142]—to have? [201, R. 4]—to-night? 
[229]—well ? [140]—wish ? [37]—which could be ? [245]—why ? [140]—would ? [140] 
—would be ? [245]—you could ? [245]. 

How is emphasis denoted ? 80. What is the phonographic dash ? 78. What is 
the phonographic period ? 78. 

From the references to the Hand-Book on this and the preceding page, the stu¬ 
dent will discover that that work gives classified partial lists of the word-signs 
and contractions. These signs will be better impressed upon the memory by 
studying, now and then, the partial lists, observing how the different uses of the 
same letter are distinguished by position—that, for instance, in § 37, Pee 2 is up ; 
Pee 3 , hope ; that Beei is by; Bee 2 is be, and Bee 3 is to be. As to denoting position 
by figures, see § 260. 



















13 


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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


14 * 


POOR RICHARD’S SAYINGS. 

If pride leads the van, beggary brings up the rear. He that can travel 
well afoot, keeps a good horse. Take this remark from Richard poor 
and lame—Whate’er’s begun in anger ends in shame. The worst wheel 
of the cart makes the most noise. Against diseases, know the strongest 
fence is the defensive virtue, abstinence. If you would have a faithful 
servant, and one that you like, serve yourself. 

A mob’s a monster ; with heads enough, but no brains. The discon¬ 
tented man finds no easy chair. When prosperity was well mounted, 
she let go the bridle, and soon came tumbling out of the saddle. A lit¬ 
tle neglect may breed great mischief; for want of a nail the shoe was 
lost, and for want of a shoe the horse was lost, and for want of a horse 
the rider was lost. 

A false friend and a shadow attend only while the sun shines. Plow 
deep while sluggards sleep, and you shall have corn to sell and to keep. 
Old boys have playthings as well as young ones ; the difference is only 
in the price. If you would keep your secret from an enemy, tell it not 
to a friend. 

One to-day is worth two to-morrows. What maintains one vice, 
would bring up two children. It is foolish to lay out money in the pur¬ 
chase of repentance. If you would know the value of money, go and | 
try to borrow some; for he that goes a-borrowing goes a-sorrowing. j 

Pride breakfasted with plenty, dined with poverty, and supped with 
contempt. Fly pleasures and they will follow you. 

Creditors have better memories than debtors ; creditors are a super¬ 
stitious sect,—great observers of set days and times. Sloth makes all 
things difficult; industry, all easy. 

A great part of the miseries of mankind are brought upon them by 
the false estimate they make of the value of things. Dr. Franklin. 


Questions.—What is the sign for As well as? [245]—difference? [201]—difficult ? 
[178]—remark ? out? pleasure ? shall ? shall have? she? [37]—they will? up? 
upon? want? while? 

How may it be indicated that -l-ty or - r-ty is to be added to a sign, as r-ty to p 
in prosperity ? [232, 8]. What is the sign for the prefix discon- ? [228, 5J. Observe 
that the prefix a-is put as vocalization, as in afoot, and sometimes joined, like the 
article a, as in a-borrowing and a sorrowing. See Standard-Phonographic Dic¬ 
tionary, under A-. 











15* KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


RAIN IN SUMMER. 

How beautiful is the rain ! after the dust and heat, in the broad and 
fiery street, in the narrow lane —how beautiful is the rain! 

How it clatters along the roofs, like the tramp of hoofs! How it 
gushes and struggles out, from the throat of the overflowing spout! 

Across the window-pane it pours and pours ; and swift and wide, with 
a muddy tide, like a river, down the gutter roars—the rain, the welcome 
rain! 

The sick man from his chamber looks at the twisted brooks; he can 
feel the cool breath of each little pool; his fevered brain grows calm 
again, and he breathes a blessing on the rain. 

From the neighboring school come the boys, with more than wonted 
noise and commotion ; and down the wet streets sail their mimic fleets, 
till the treacherous pool engulfs them in its whirling and turbulent 
ocean. 

In the country, on every side, where far and wide, like a leopard’s 
tawny and spotted hide, stretches the plain, to the dry grass and the 
dryer grain, how welcome is the rain! 

In the furrowed land the toilsome and patient oxen stand ; lifting the 
yoke-encumbered head, with their delighted nostrils spread, they 
silently inhale the clover-scented gale, and the vapors that arise from 
the well-watered and smoking soil. 

Near at hand, from under the sheltering trees, the farmer sees his 
pastures, and his fields of grain, as they bend their tops to the number¬ 
less beating drops of the incessant rain. He counts it no sin that he 
sees therein only his own thrift and gain. II. W. Lmgfellow. 


Questions .—Wliat is the sign for And his ? [37, and R. 1; 246, 2]—come ? come 
the? each? [37]—in? in its? near? [178]—number? numberless? [p. 142, R. 5] 
—till? therein? [233, and R. 6]—under? [221]—where? 

Observe that encum- is represented by the sign of the similar prefix, incom-. 228, 
7 ; 228, R. 1, c. The slanting tick - the —may be written in place of the in^-dot to 
imply a preceding ing, as in lifting the. What is the phonographic hyphen-mark ? 
78. Be sure to refer to Notes and References when indicated by the “ superior ” 
figures in the phonographic engraving. 










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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


16 * 


A CURTAIN LECTURE BY MRS. CAUDLE. 

Bah ! That’s the third umbrella gone since Christmas. What were 
you to do ? Why, let him go home in the rain, to be sure. I am very 
certain there was nothing about him that would spoil. Take cold, 
indeed? He doesn't look like one of the sort to take cold. Besides, 
he’d better have taken cold than taken our umbrella. 

Do you hear the rain, Mr. Caudle ? I say, do you hear the rain ? As 
I’m alive, if it isn’t St. Swithin’s day ! Do you hear it against the 
windows? Nonsense! You don’t impose upon me; you can’t be 
asleep with* such a shower as that! Do you hear it, I say ? 0 ! you do 
hear it! Well, that’s a pretty flood, I think, to last for six weeks, and 
no stirring all the time out of the house. Pooh! don’t think me a fool, 
Mr. Caudle ; don’t insult me ; he return the umbrella ! Anybody would 
think you were born yesterday. As if anybody ever did return an 
umbrella! 

There; do you hear it ? Worse and worse. Cats and dogs, and for six 
weeks : always six weeks ; and no umbrella! I should like to know 
how the children are to go to school to-morrow! They sha’n’tgo 
through such weather, I am determined. No ; they shall stop at home 
and never learn anything (the blessed creatures!) sooner than go and 
get wet! And when they grow up, I wonder who they’ll have to thank 
for knowing nothing ; who, indeed, but their father? People who can’t 
feel for their own children, ought never to be fathers. 

But I know why you lent the umbrella : 0 ! yes, I know very well! 
I was going out to tea at dear mother’s to-morrow ; you knew that, and 
you did it on purpose. Don’t tell me ! You hate to have me go there, 
and take every mean advantage to hinder me. 


Questions.'— What is the sign for About him? against? as if? [246, 4]-always? 
[239, 2]—anything ? [142]—advantage ? be ? do you ? dear ? [178]—I say ? I think ? 
[103]—if it? [221]— Knew or neio ? [104]—Mr.? never? 0 or Oh? ought? think? 
thank ? through ? there was ? sure ? to be ? very certain ? very well ? 1 Veil, Wel 2 , 
often drops the hook, for sake of phrase-writing. See Well in Standard-Phono¬ 
graphic Dictionary. 

That’s, I’m, doesn’t, etc., are vocalized, to distinguish them from That is, / am, 
does not, etc. 














17 * 


KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


But don’t you think it, Mr. Caudle, no, sir ; if it comes down in buckets- 
full, I’ll go all the more. No ; and I won’t have a cab ! Where do 
you think the money’s to come from ? You’ve got nice high notions at 
that club of yours ! 

A cab, indeed! Cost me sixteen pence, at least. Sixteen pence! 
Two and eight pence ; for there’s hack again. Cabs, indeed ! I should 
like to know who’s to pay for ’em ; for I’m sure you can’t, if you go on 
as you do, throwing away your property, and beggaring your children, 
buying umbrellas ! Do you hear the rain, Mr. Caudle ? I say, do you 
hear it? But I don’t care -I’ll go to mother’s to-morrow—I will; and 
! what is more I’ll walk every step of the way ; and you know that 
will give me my death. Don’t call me a foolish woman ; it is you that 
is the foolish man. 

You know I can’t wear clogs ; and with no umbrella, the wet’s sure 
to give me a cold : it always does; hut what do you care for that ? 
Nothing at all. I may he laid up, for what you care, as I dare say I 
shall ; and a pretty doctor’s hill there’ll he. I hope there Will. It will 
teach you to lend your umbrellas again. I shouldn’t wonder if I got 
my death : yes, and that’s what you lent me the umbrella for, of course ! 

Nice clothes I get, too, trapsing through weather like this. My 
gown and bonnet will he spoiled quite. Needn’t I wear ’em then? In¬ 
deed, Mr. Caudle, I shall wear ’em. No, sir ; I’m not going out a 
dowdy, to please you or anybody else. Gracious knows ! It isn’t often 
that I step over the threshold ; indeed, I might as well he a slave at 
once : better, I should say, hut when I do go out, Mr. Caudle, I choose 
to go as a lady. 


Questions. —1st line. What is the sign for But? you? think? it? Mr.? no? 
if it? come? comes? [p, 142, R. 5]—down? in? lull? 12 words out of 17 repre¬ 
sented by word-signs—showing the utility of word-signs... .2d 1. ‘and-I.’ 71; 
246,2... .4th 1. ‘ pence.’ How is the circle distinguished from simple Iss ? 27,1. 187, 

1.5tli 1. ‘ there’s.’ What kind of vowel is indicated by the vowel-circle ? 169,1 

and (a). What is the sign tor Who ? whose? 69, R. 3_7th 1. * children.’ What 

vowel is indicated by the vowel-circle ? 27, 1 : 187, 1. Why is it written after 
Chel ? Observe that as the vowel-circle indicates reading between, the writing it 
before and after is made to denote long and short. ‘ I say.’ In what directions 

may initial abbreviated 7 be written ? 103. See ‘ I will,’ next line_9th 1. ‘ step 

of the way.’ How are of the implied? 248. ‘ a foolish.’ What are the two directions 

of the tick for a-n-d ? 71. Why is the dash written through Fel ? 169, 3_12th 

1. ‘always.’ What words besides word-signs may be left unvocalized ? 239, 2 
... .13tli 1. * I hope.’ The dash or t ick I is brought down from its natural posi¬ 
tion to adapt it to the position of hope. 246, 2. 

4th 1. from bottom. ‘ wear.’ Observe that second place heavy dot here repre¬ 
sents not a but fe. See 44 and 2. 












































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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


18 * 


0 ! that rain, if it isn’t enough to break in the windows. Ugh! I look 
forward with dread for to-morrow ! How am I to go to mother’s, I’m 
sure I can’t tell, hut if I die, I’ll do it. No, sir, I won’t borrow an um¬ 
brella : no; and you sha’n’t buy one. Mr. Caudle, if you bring home 
another umbrella, I’ll through into the street. Ha ! And it was only 
last week I had a new nozzle put to that umbrella. I’m sure if I’d ’ave 
known as much as I do now, it might have gone without one. Paying 
for new nozzles for other people to laugh at you ! 

0! its all very well for you ; you can go to sleep. You’ve know 
thought of your poor patient wife, and your own dear children; you 
think of nothing but lending umbrellas. Men, indeed! —call them¬ 
selves lords of the creation ! Pretty lords, when they can’t even take 
care of an umbrella! I know that walk to-morrow will be the death of 
me. But that’s what you want; then you may go to your club, and do as 
you like ; and then nicely my poor dear children will be used ; but then, 
sir, then you’ll be happy. 0! don’t tell me! I know you will, else 
you’d never have lent the umbrella. You have to go on Thursday 
about that summons, and, of course, you can’t go. No, indeed : you 
don’t go without the umbrella. You may lose the debt for what I care 
—it won’t he so much as spoiling your clothes—better lose it; people 
deserve to lose debts who lend umbrellas ! 

And I should like to know how I am to go to mother’s without the 
umbrella. 0 ! don’t tell me that I said I would go ; that’s nothing to 
do with it, nothing at all. She’ll think I’m neglecting her, and the 
little money we’re to have, we sha’n’t have at all; because we’ve no 
umbrella. 


Notes and Questions.— 2d 1. ‘to-morrow.’ 229-How is emphasis denoted? 

See 80 and buy in 4th 1.Oth 1. * street.' 171, 1 ; 173. How is Iss here implying 

an Ar-hook distinguished from simple Iss ?-7th 1. ‘ as much as.’ The second 

word determines the position, because its legibility depends more upon position 

than that ot as. 246, 4 .. .9th 1. ‘ wife.’ 139, 1-10th 1. What is the sign for the 

affix -self? -selves? 232, 13_12th 1. ‘children.’ The name of the outline, Chel- 

Dren, closely resembling the word, needs no vocalization. 239, R. 2. 

Phonographic Description.—‘ O ! that rain,’ etc. Dedoid 2 ! Dlieti Ren 2 —Feti 
Zenti En-Ef Petoida Ber-Kay Eni-Chetoid Wen-Dees. Hay 2 1 i l Lay-Kay Ef2- 
Werd Wehl (i. e. wi) Dred Ef2 Petoid 2 -Em-Ray ! ou 2 Petoidi-Em Petoid2-Gay 
Petoid 2 -Emdhers, (!) Erai [I’m; thus distinguished from I am. Petoidi-Em] Sher 
U Kent 2 Tel 2 , Tetoid2 Efi It Dee, (!) Lay [I’ll; thus distinguished from I will, Pet- 
oidi-Lay] Dee 2 Tee2. E 112 Sar ; D Went2 Bee Ray Ketoid-Em Ber-Lay: En2 ; Ket- 
oid-Yuh2 Shent Bee Weu2. 












19 * 


KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


The children, tool - (dear things!) - they’ll be sopping wet: for they 
sha’n’t stay at home; they sha’n’t lose their learning ; it is all their [ 
father will leave them, I’m sure ! But they shall go to school. Don’t 
tell me they shouldn’t; (you’re so aggravating, Caudle, you’d spoil the 
temper of an angel!) They shall go to school : mark that! and if they 
get their deaths of cold, it’s not my fault, I didn’t lend the umbrella. 

“Here,” says Caudle, in his manuscript, “I fell asleep, and dreamed 
that the sky was turned into green calico, with whalebone ribs : that, 
in fact, the whole world revolved under a tremendous umbrella! ’ ’ 

Douglas Jerr old. 


DREAM OF SOC KATES. 

The day when Socrates was to drink the hemlock had come. Early 
in the morning his beloved disciples assembled around him ; with chast 
ened sorrow they stood about the couch of the philosopher ; some of 
them were weeping. Then the wise martyr lifted up his head, and said : 

“ Why this mournful silence, my beloved? I will tell you of a cheerful I 
thing, a dream which I dreamed last night.”—“ Couldst thou sleep, I 
and even dream of joyous things ? ’ ’ said the good Apollodorus; “7 
could not close my eyes.” 

Then Socrates smiled, and said : “ What would my past life be worth, 
if it could not even sweeten my last sleep ? Dost thou not think, Apol¬ 
lodorus, that I have devoted it to Celestial Love ? ’ ’ Several voices, 
tremulous with grateful emotion, answered this question. Apollodorus 
could reply only by silence and fast flowing tears. 

“Know, then,” said Socrates, “ that to him who devotes his life to 
her service, she sends down lovely Graces. Secretly and invisibly they 
beautify his hours—be they hours of joy,. 


No'.es and Questions.— How is the position of a lengthened letter determined ? 

52 ; 53 ; 209. See the word father, 2d 1-5th 1. ‘ manuscript’ is contracted, r 

being omitted. 236, 4 ; p. 144, Corresponding-Style Contractions. 

Dream of Socrates. —1st 1. What is the sign for The? when? was? to? the 
(joined)? had? come? in the?....[2d 1.] his? him? with? they? about the? 

some ? of them ? were ?-[3d 1.J then the ? up ? his ? and (joined) ? why ? this ? 

my? I will? tell you? of a?-[4tli 1.] thing ? which? I (abbreviated) ? [103)— 

could ? couldst ? and even ? [and adapted to the position of even]— of ? things ? 





















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Dream of Socrates. 

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20* 


KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

or hours of suffering —with heavenly lustre, and surround them with 
ambrosial fragrance. But above all, the sweet Sisters are busy about 
him in the last hour of his life ; for, this is the most serious of all, and 
hath greatest need of heavenly light. Thus the last hour of the day is 
the most beautiful; the beams of evening brighten it like a stream of 
glory from Elysium. 

“ I dreamed I saw a beautiful youth entering my prison. On his 
countenance were visible that serene gravity and calm composure which 
justly befit a divine form. In his right hand he held a burning torch 
that spread a rosy lustre like evening light, over the darkness of my 
prison. The more cheering and sweet this brightness and the aspect of 
the youth were to me, the more miserable and dreary the night of my I 
prison appeared. 

“ Slowly the divine youth lowered the torch. But methought 1 ! 
seized his arm and cried : * What wouldst thou do ? ’ He answered : I 
4 1 extinguish the torch.’ ‘ Oh ! no! ’ implored I; ‘it spreads a sweet 
light through the darkness of my prison.’ But he smiled and said : ‘it 
is the torch of terrestrial life. Thou needst it no longer ; for, so soon 
as it is extinguished, thy bodily eye will close forever, and thou wilt 
rise hand in hand with me to a higher world, where a pure eternal 
lustre will surround thee. How couldst thou, then, feel the want of 
the self-consuming earthly torch ? ’ 

“ ‘ Oh ! then, turn the torch ! ’ cried I, and awoke. I was alone in 
the night of my dungeon. Alas ! I grieved that all had been a dream. 
But, behold, here comes the cup which will realize it.” The jailor 
entered with the boy who carried the cup of poison. The voice of weep¬ 
ing and lamentation arose among the disciples of Socrates, and even the 
jailor wept. Krummctcher. 


Notes and Questions. —How are capital letters indicated in Phonography ? 81. 
Why may not s in ‘busy’ be written with Iss? 64 and Rem. Observe that in 
‘ serious ’ yu is used, by license [136], for iix. See Elysium in 3d 1., and terrestrial 
in 12th 1. 

Be sure to make all the references indicated on p. 20 and every other page of 
the engraving of the First Reader, and you can not fail of becoming a good pho- 
nographer. Also, copy every page repeatedly, and you will thus secure, with 
the guidance of a good exemplar, a large amount of practice, which must be had 
some time, and acquire a beautiful style of phonographic penmanship. 

Phonographic Description—Last Paragraph. —Dedoid' 2 . Dhen 2 Tee2-Ren-Retoid 
Ter-Chay ! KredMi, Tetoid-Way-Kay. Retoid-Zee 2 Len 2 Eni-Chetoid Net Petoidi- 
Em Dee-En-Jen. Lays2[ P Grefti Dbeti Bedoidi Dee 3 -Beu Ketoid-Der-Em. Tetoid 2 
Bee-Eld, An Kays2-Chetoid Ka.v-Pee Chel 2 Ray-Lays Tee2, ei Jay-Lay-Ar Enter- 
Doe Wehi-Chetoid Bee Jedoid 2 Kay-Ray-Dee-Retoid Kay-Pee Petoidi Pees-En. ei 
Vees 2 Petoidi Weh-Pee:Ketoid El-Men-Teeslion Ar-Iss Ein2-Ing-Clietoid Dees- 
Pels Petoid 1 Sker-Tees, Ketoid-Veni-Itetoid Jay Lay-Ar Weh-Pet 2 . 

Socrates. “ the best man of pagan antiquity,” was born Before Christ 469 years, 
and died B. C. 399. 














21 * 


KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


THE DATE PALM-TREE. 

The date palm-tree is a native of warm climates, and is chiefly found 
in Africa and Asia. Wherever a spring of water appears amid the sandy 
deserts of Africa, this graceful palm yields both grateful shelter and 
nourishing fruit. It has been called the most beautiful tree in the veg¬ 
etable kingdom. It consists of a single stalk or trunk, and instead of 
branches, like our forest trees, its leaves spring from the trunk, near its 
top, and grow from six to eight feet in length. The trunk of this palm- 
tree is full of knots, or circular ridges, which mark the spots from which 
the decayed leaves have fallen during its; growth. It somewhat resem¬ 
bles the cane in its interior structure, while the outside only becomes 
woody. Thirty years are required for it to attain its growth. It fre¬ 
quently rises to the height of one hundred feet, and lives from one to 
two hundred years. 

The fruit of the date palm-tree is about two inches in length, and very 
similar in form to a long plum. Dates are brought to this country, in a 
preserved state, in little sacks of matting, and are common in all our 
cities and large towns. They have a sweet and agreeable taste, and are 
very nutritious. This fruit is capable of supporting life, and sustaining t 
the strength of man for an indefinite period ; indeed, it is the “ bread of I 
the desert ” Where all other crops fail from drouth, the date tree still 
flourishes In Egypt and Arabia it forms a large portion of the general 
food ; and among the oases of Fezzan nineteen twentieths of the popula¬ 
tion live upon it for nine months in the year. 


Notes and Questions .—2d 1. ‘and is.’ The arid-tick is adapted to the position of 
the following word where that has a position of its own, otherwise it is written, 

like and-dot, on the line, as in ‘ and-a,’ * and-the.’_4th 1. * yields.’ 212, R. 2.... 

6tli 1. ‘ most beautiful.’ The t of most omitted under 236, 3. The position of tho 
phi’ase is determined by 245... ,7th 1. ‘ trunk ’ Why is u written before Ing in¬ 
stead of after Ter? 105, 2.8th 1. ‘spring.’ Why does Iss here imply an Ar- 

hook? 171, 1 ; 173-13th 1. What is implied by one word near a preceding? 248 

_14th 1. ‘ preserved.’ What is the effect of shortening any hook-letter? 212, 2 [ 

_16th 1. ‘ sustaining the.’ What is implied by writing the slanting tick (i. e., \ 

fte-tick) in the place of the inp-dot ? 113-18th 1. ‘oases.’ Observe that the ac- j 

cent is on the first syllable, as indicated by the accent mark in the engraving. 79. 













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21 



















^Peter -the (C^reat anddheTDeserter: 


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SCENE I. 

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19. 













KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


22* 


PETER THE GREAT AND THE DESERTER. 

Scene I. 

The following scene is founded on an incident in the life of Peter the 
Great, Czar of Russia, who in 1697 went to Holland to learn the art of 
shipbuilding. He assumed the disguise and name of a common work¬ 
man, was employed in the shipyards at Saardam, and received wages 
like a common ship-carpenter. 

S. No, not ashamed; but I am 
considerably afraid. Know, then, 
that I was born at Moscow. 

1\ Well, there is no crime in be¬ 
ing born at Moscow ; besides, that 
was no fault of yours. 

S. That is not it. Listen ! It 
happened, one day, that a party of 
soldiers halted near my mother’s 
hut; the commanding officer pres¬ 
ently cast an eye at me, and was so 
amazingly taken with my appear¬ 
ance, that he requested I'd make 
one of his company. I was about 
to decline ; but he assured me that 
the Czar Peter (your namesake, 
you know) having particular occa. 
sion for my services, would take it 
as an offence if I refused the invi¬ 
tation ; so he forthwith clapped a 
musket. 


Peter (disguised as a carpenter). 
Well, before I quit this place, I may 
let you into my secret. 

Stanmitz. And do you think of 
leaving us ? 

P. I have now been absent from 
my native country a twelve-month. 
I have acquired some knowledge of 
ship-building the object for which 
I came here,- and it is time I 
should return home. 

S. Our master, Yon Bloch, will 
be sorry to lose you, because you 
are the most industrious fellow in 
the yard ; and I should be sorry, be¬ 
cause—because, Peter, I like you. 

P. And I don’t dislike you. 

S. Peter, I think I may venture 
to tell you a secret. 

P. Why, surely you have done 
nothing to be ashamed of? 


Notes and Questions. —1st 1. Wliy is the dash-vowel written through Fel ? 169, 3. 
* Russia.’ ya used for ia. 136.1st. col., 3. 1. from bottom. ‘ a secret.' 171, 2 ; 173. 

What is the sign for the affix -ingly ? 232, 5. How are dot-vowels written to read 
between the consonants of an El-hook-, or an Ar-liook-, sign ? 169. The vowel-cir¬ 
cle means reading between, on whichever side written. What, then, is meant by 
writing it before? by writing it after? 












KEY TO THE FIKST READER. 


23 * 

on my shoulder, and marched me 
off. 

P. Aye, you were enlisted ! 

S. Enlisted! Why, I can’t say 
but I was. Now, I was always an 
independent sort of fellow, fond of 
my own way, and couldn’t stomach 
being ordered about against my in¬ 
clination. 

P. (aside). So, so! This fellow 
is a deserter! 

S. I put up with it a long while, 
though ; till one bitter cold morn¬ 
ing in December, just at three 
o’clock, I was roused from my 
comfortable warm sleep, to turn 
out and mount guard, on the bleak, 
blustering corner of a rampart, in 
the snow. It was too bad, wasn’ tit? 

P. I don’t doubt you would 
rather have been warm in bed. 

S. Well, as I couldn’t keep my¬ 
self warm, I laid down my musket 
and began to walk, then I began 
to run, and - will you believe it — 
I didn’t stop running till I found 
myself five leagues away from the 
outpost! 

P. So, then, you are a deserter ! 


S. A deserter! You call that 
being a deserter, do you ? Well, 
putting this and that together, I 
shouldn’t wonder if I were a de¬ 
serter. 

P. Do you know, my dear fellow, 
that if you are discovered, you will 
be shot ? 

S. I’ve some such idea. Indeed, 
it occurred to me at the time ; so, 
thinking it hardly worth while to 
be shot for being so short a dis¬ 
tance as only five leagues away 
from my post, I made the best of 
my way to Saardam; and here I am. 

P. This is an awkward affair, 
indeed, and if the burgomaster 
were informed of it,—however, be 
assured your secret is safe in my 
keeping. 

S. I don’t doubt you, for I sus¬ 
pect you are in a similar scrape 
yourself. 

P. I ?—ridiculous! 

S. There’s something very mys¬ 
terious about you, at any rate. 
But you say you will keep my 
secret ? 


Notes and Questions. —1st col., 1st 1. ‘shoulder.’ 207, R. 5-2d 1. ai=ay. 102, 

R. 3... .5th 1. ‘ couldn't ’=kudent. Eut is vocalized with e so as to distinguish it 

from not. See wasn’t in 13th 1.6tli 1. ‘ against.’ 239, 2. Gen 2 is a word-sign for 

‘ again,’ and, of course, adding st makes * against,’ and no vocalization is required. 
....2d line from bottom, ‘didn’t.’ Dedi-Net, to distinguish it from ‘did not,’ 
Dent * 1 .Last line. ‘ leagues.’ 156, 2. El is more convenient than Lay before Gay. 

2d col., 3d 1. ‘ shouldn’t ’ =shudent, ‘ Ent ’ added to * should,’ Retoid 2 , by vocal¬ 
ized Ent, to distinguish ‘ shouldn’t’ from * should not.’... .7th 1. ‘ I’ve.’ Written 

(i) Vee (t. e., vocalized Yee) to distinguish it from I have, Teftoidi ( i. e., abbre¬ 
viated I with a Vee-hook). 201 and R. 2. ‘idea.’ In a case of two vowels before or 
after one consonant, which must be written nearest? Ans. The one sounded near- 

es t. 99.3d 1. from bottom. ‘There’s.’ Dhers 2 vocalized, to distinguish it from 

There is, Dhers 2 unvocalized. ‘ mysterious.’ This word has so many consonants 
and so distinct a form that it is not necessary to completely vocalize it; and yu 
for iu is omitted. 
















23 




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24 


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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


24 * 


P. 0 ! trust me for that. 

S. Because if it should get to the 
ears of any of the agents of the 
Czar, I should he in rather a bad 
fix, you know. 

P. The Czar shall know no more 
about it than he does now, if I can 
help it ; so don’t be afraid. He 
himself, they say, is rather fond of 
walking away from his post. 

S. Haha! is he ? Then he has 
no business to complain of me for 
running away,—eh ? 

P. You must look out for him, 
though. They say he has a way 
of finding out everything. Don’t 
be too sure of your secret. 


S. Come, now ; he’s in Russia, 
and I in Holland ; and I don’t see 
where’s the danger, unless you 
mean to blab. 

P. Fellow-workman, do you take 
me for a traitor ? 

S. Not so, Peter; but if I am 
ever taken up here as a deserter, 
you will have been the only one to 
whom I have told my secret. 

P. A fig for the Czar ! 

S. Don’t say that—he’s a good 
fellow, is Peter the Czar, and you’ll 
have to fight me if you say a word 
in his dispraise. 

P. 0 ! if that’s the case, I’ll say 
no more. 


Scene II. 


Stanmitz — Mrs. Stanmilz—Peter the Great — Officer. 


Stamnitz. Well, mother, I mus’n’t 
be skulking about here in Moscow 
any longer. I must leave you, and 
go back to Holland to my trade. 
At the risk of my life I came here, 


and at the risk of my life I must 
go back. -- Mrs. S. Ah! Michael, 
Michael, if it hadn’t been for your 
turning deserter, you might have 
been a corporal by this time ! 


Phonographic Description .—The naming of the phonographic letters, in accord¬ 
ance with the Author’s system of nomenclature, constitutes a sort of ‘ unknown 
language,' in which good phonographers may readily and understandingly con¬ 
verse. Thus oui Dee 2 Yuli 2 Decs ? or (omitting numbers to indicate second po¬ 
sition) ou Dee Yuli Dee ? How do you do ? Petoidi-Em Ver Wei, ltetoid Iths Yuli. 

I am very well, I thank you. A useful exercise will be to write and then read the 
phonography denoted by the “ Phonographic Descriptions,” or to read, without 
writing. 

1st col.— P. Dedoid 12 Terst Emi El--Dhet. S. Kays * 1 Feti Chetoid 2 Get 2 Petoid 2 - 
Clietoid (e)Ar-Iss Petoidi EtU: [may read near] Jay-Ents:Zee-Ar, H RetoicVi- 
Bee Em Ardher2 Ketoid-Bed2 Ef-Kays, Yuh2 En2. P. ei Zee-Ar Ish 2 En2 En 2 - 
Mer Bet,3-Tee Dhen3 Hay2 Dees2 En 2 -Petoid, Eli u Ken2 Lay-Pee Tee2 ; Es 2 
Dent 2 Bee2 Fred2. Hay2 Ems2, Dhee2 Es2, Iss 1 Ardher2 Fend 1 Petoid 1 Wuh-Kay 1 : 
* ing ’ Way3 Fers2 Peest2. 

















25 * 


KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


S. Look you, mother,—I was made 
a soldier against my will, and the 
more I saw of a soldier’s life, the 
more I hated it. As a poor jour¬ 
neyman carpenter, I am at least 
free and independent; and if you 
will come with me to Holland, you 
shall take care of my wages and 
keep house for me. 

Mrs. S. I should he a drag upon 
you, Michael. You will he want¬ 
ing to get married, by-and-by; 
and moreover, it will be hard for 
me to leave the old home at my 
time of life. 

S. Some one is knocking at the 
door. Wait, mother, till I have 
concealed myself. 

[Enter Peter the Great, disguised.'] 

P. What, ho! comrade! No 
skulking! Come out from behind 
that screen! Didn’t I see you 
through the window as I passed ? 

S. Is it possible ? Peter! My old 
fellow-workman! Give us your 


hand, my hearty! How came you 
to be here in Moscow ? There is no 
shipbuilding going on so far inland. 

P. No ; but there is at St. Peters- 
burgh, the new city that the Czar 
is building up. 

S. They say the Czar is in Mos¬ 
cow just now. 

P. Yes, he passed through your 
street this morning. 

S. So I heard. But I did not see 
him. I say, Peter, how did you 
find me out ? 

P. Why, happening to see your 
mother’s sign over the door, it oc¬ 
curred to me, after I returned to 
the palace — 

S. The palace ? 

P. Yes, I always call the place 
where I put up a palace. It is a 
way I have. 

S. You always were a funny fel¬ 
low, Peter! 

P. As I was saying, it occurred 
to me that Mrs. Stanmitz might be 
the mother or aunt of my. 


Notes and Questions. —1st col., 4th 1. * I am.’ As I determines the position of 

the phrase (245), am is brought out of its position_5th 1. * and if you will.’ The 

and-tick, not having any position of its own, is adapted to the position of the 
following sign, whenever that has any assigned position ; otherwise, it is writ¬ 
ten in the position of the and-dot, as in Ketoida-Clietoid, and the. 246. 2... .10th 1. 

1 and moreover.’ Here the and- tick, though occupying the same position as the 
a»d-dot, is regarded as adapted to the position of moreover, in which being writ¬ 
ten as though it were a phrase, the first word determines the position (245). 

2d col., 3d 1. ‘ St. Petersburg.’ St. =Saint, when an inseparable part of a name, 
is adapted to the position of the remainder of the name, as in this case. So in 

‘St. Paul, St. James.’ See Saint, in the Standard-Phonographic Dictionary_ 

15th 1. ‘ always.’ Ways, making the second syllable of this word, does not require 
vocalization ; and since it is a frequent word, if it should occur again soon, it 

might safely be left without any vocalization, as in the 17th 1. 239, 2, and R. 2_ 

Last line. ‘ Stanmitz.’ Disjoining is here resorted to in order to secure the gain 
of halving. 218. 


































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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 26 * 


old messmate ; and so I put on this 
disguise — 

S. Haha! Sure enough, it is 
a disguise - the disguise of a gen¬ 
tleman. Peter, where did you get 
such fine clothes ? 

P. Don’t interrupt me, sir! 

S. Don’t joke in that way again, 
Peter. Do you know you half 
frightened me by the stern tone 
in which you said, “Don’t inter¬ 
rupt me, sir ! ’ ’ But I see how it 
is, Peter, and I thank you. You 
thought you could learn something 
of your old friend, and so stopped 
to inquire, and saw me through 
the window. 

F. Ah! Stanmitz, many’s the 
big log we have chopped at to¬ 
gether through the long summer 
day in Yon Bloch’s shipyard. 

S. That we have, Peter. Why 
not go back with me to Saardam ? 

P. I can get better wages at St. 
Petersburg. 

S. If it weren’t that I am afraid 
of being overhauled for taking that 
long walk away from my post, I 
would go to St. Petersburg with 
you. 


P. How happened you to ven¬ 
ture back here ? 

S. Why you must know that- 
this old mother of mine wanted to 
see me badly, and then I had left 
behind here a sweetheart. Don’t 
laugh, Peter! She has waited all 
this while for me ; and the misery 
of it is that I am too poor to take 
her along with me yet. But next 
year, if my luck continues, I mean 
to return and marry her. 

P. What if I should inform 
against you ? I could make a pretty 
sum by exposing a deserter. 

S. Don’t joke on that subject, j 
You’ll frighten the old woman. 
Peter, old boy, I’m so glad to see 
you —Hello ! soldiers at the door! I 
What does this mean! An officer ? | 
Peter, excuse me, but I must leave 
you. 

P. Stay! I give you my word I 
it is not you they want. They are 
friends of mine. 

8. 0! if that’s the case, I’ll 
stay, but do you. 



Notes and Questions.— 1st col., 5th 1. ‘interrupt.’ 228, 8. The prefix for inter- is 
frequently joiued by the advanced writer to the remainder of the word, as in this 

case. p. 113, R. 10_9th 1. and 10th 1. ‘I see.’ ‘I thank you.’ Abbreviated / 

is here adapted to the position of the following word—in one case raised a little 
above, and in the other case depressed slightly from, its strict position, though, 
being still above the line, it is regarded as in the first position. Such adaptations 
of position—so that the first word of a phrase shall be in its assigned position- 
aids reading materially. See 246, 1. See ‘ I had ’ in 2d col., 3d 1... .12th 1. When 
Gay follows the sound l, that is best represented by El as better than Lay, pre¬ 
paring the hand for making a heavy horizontal. In long, 13th 1., El is used to 
avoid the angle which would be required with the use of Lay. 

2d col., 13tli 1. you’ll. Vocalized Lay, to distinguish you’ll from you will, Yuh 2 - 
Lay... .Last 1. ‘ if that’s the.’ Dhets vocalized to distinguish that’s from that is. 

















27 * KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


know one of those fellows looks 
wonderfully like my old com¬ 
manding officer! 

[Enter Officer.'] 

Officer. A dispatch from St. 
Petersburg, your majesty, claiming 
your instant attention. 

Mrs. S. Majesty ! 

S. Majesty! I say, Peter, what 
does he mean by majesty ? 

0. Knave! know you not that 
this is the Czar ? 

& What!—eh ? -this ? Nonsense ! 
This is my old friend Peter. 

0. Down on your knees, rascal! 
to Peter the Great, Czar of Russia. 

Mrs. S. Oh! Your majesty, 
your majesty, don’t hang the poor 
boy ! He knew no better! He 
knew no better! He is my only 
son! Let him be whipped, but 
don’t hang him. 

S. Nonsense, mother! This is 
only one of Peter’s jokes. Ha ! ha ! 
ha ! You keep it up well, though. 
And those are dispatches you are 
reading, Peter! 


[ 0. Rascal! Dare you interrupt 

his majesty ? 

S. Twice you’ve called me ras¬ 
cal. Don’t you think that’s being 
rather familiar ? Peter, have you 
any objection to my pitching your 
friend out of the window ? 

0. Ha ! Now I look closer, I re¬ 
member you ! Soldiers, arrest this 
fellow ! He’s a deserter. 

S. Its all up with me! And 
there stands Peter, as calm as if 
nothing had happened. 

Mrs. S. I’m all in a maze ! Good 
Mr. Officer, spare the poor boy! 

O. He must go before the court- 
martial. He must be shot. 

Mrs. S. Oh ! woe is me! woe is 
me ! that ever my poor boy should 
be shot. 

l\ Officer, I have occasion for 
the services of your prisoner. Re¬ 
lease him. 

0. Your majesty’s will is abso¬ 
lute. 

S. (aside). Majesty again ! What 
does it all mean ? A light breaks 
in upon me. 


Notes on Position of Word-Signs. —1st col., 2d 1. ‘my ’ is Em 1 , in accordance 
with its vowel, while May is Em 2 . Me, also Emi, can, of course, be easily dis¬ 
tinguished, by the context, from My (as can Am, Em 2 , from May ); but Him must 

be Em 2 to distinguish it from Me -4th 1. From is Fer2, because of its frequency, 

notwithstanding its vowel indicates the first position. ‘ Your ’ is Yay 2 , because 
frequent, and not needed to be in the less convenient position (the third) indica¬ 
ted by its vowel-7tli 1. ‘ What ’ is represented by Wuhl, i. e., wo, while Wou'd 

is represented by Wuh 2 , which would be woo, upon the plan of putting vowel- 
signs when alone, the height of a Tee above the line for the first piace, on the 
line for the third place, and midway for the second place. Carefully read, in 
connection with this, 68, R. 2. ‘ Does ’ Dees 2 , in accordance with its vowel, and 

because, being regarded as a derivative fx-om Do, Dee 2 , it must occupy the posi¬ 
tion of that primitive woi'd-2d col., 3d 1. ‘ Think,’ not needing to be in the first 

position, is put in the more convenient position (the second), while Thank, a less 
frequent word, is distinguished from it, by being written iu the third position, 
which is indicated by its vowel. 



















27 




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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


28 * 


There were rumors in Holland, 
when I left, that the Czar had been 
working in one of the shipyards. 
Can my Peter be the emperor ? 

P. Stanmitz, you have my secret 
now. 

S. You are — 

P. The emperor! Rise, old 
woman; your son, Baron Stan¬ 
mitz, is safe. 

Mrs. S. Baron Stanmitz ! 

P. I want him to superintend 
my shipyard at St. Petersburg. No 
words. Prepare, both of you, to 
leave for the new city to-morrow. 
Baron Stanmitz, make that sweet¬ 
heart of yours a baroness this very 
evening, and bring her with you. 
No words. I have business claim¬ 
ing ray care, or I would stop and 
see the wedding. Here is a purse 
of ducats. One of my secretaries 
will call with orders in the morn¬ 
ing. Farewell. 


S. 0 ! Peter ! Peter ! I’m in such 
a bewilderment! 

Mrs. S Down on your knees, 
Michael! I mean Baron Stanmitz! 
Down on your knees! 

S. What, to my old friend Peter 
him that I used to wrestle with ? 
excuse me, your majesty-I 
mean, friend Peter Czar Peter — I 
can’t begin to realize it! It is all 
so like things we dream of. 

P. Haha! Good bye, mess¬ 
mate. We shall meet again in the 
morning. Commend me to your 
sweetheart. 

[Exit]. 

S. Mr. Officer, that court-mar¬ 
tial you spoke of isn’t likely to 
come off. 

0. Baron, I am your very hum¬ 
ble servant. I hope, Baron, you 
will speak a good word for me to 
his majesty when opportunity 
offers. I humbly take my leave of 
your excellency. Anonymous. 


Notes on Word-Signs. —1st col., 1st 1. ‘There,’ Dher2, because the vowel is 
second place. Of course, the same sign may stand for Their and They are, the 
context showing readily which of the three it respreseuts in any case. Other, 
which strictly belongs to the second position, as shown by its accented vowel, is 
put in the third position, to distinguish it from Their. Either is distinguished 
from Other and Their by being put in the first position, in accordance with its 
accented vowel, e. ‘Were.’ As to plan of writing separate vowels, see Note (7th 
! 1. ‘What’ ) on preceding page. As the vowels (and Brief Way and Yay, for this 
purpose, may be regarded as vowels) can occupy but two positions as word-signs, 
lYere (Weh 2 , i. e., we) must be brought to the line ; for With. Wehi (i. e., wi) prop¬ 
erly occupies the first position. ‘When,’in order to distinguish if from One, 
Wen 2 , is written in the first position, notwithstanding its vowel is second-place. 

‘That the.’ That is Dheti to distinguish it from Without, which is Dliet 2 , a jio- 
sition which clearly distinguishes Without from With , with which it was found 
to conflict, in rapid writing, when they occupied t he same position. The change of 
That from the second position (to which it was once assigned) to the first position 
was an improvement, sinccit brings better within the general line of writing the 
numerous phrases beginning with That, such as, That it may be, Dhett-Tee-Emb; 
That it does, Dheti-Tee-Dees. See That in the Standard-Phonographic Diction¬ 


ary. 






















29* KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


SWALLOWS. 

Swallows! who does not love them ? To us they have ever been fa¬ 
vorite birds. Often have we watched them in their busy labors, while 
gathering materials with which to build their nests, in early summer ; 
and have followed them with our eyes, as they darted past, to and fro, 
skimming near the ground at the approach of a storm, now and then 
dipping their wings in the smooth water of the gentle stream ; and 
they appeared so happy. We love their harmless presence ; their merry 
twitterings ; their clean and shining plumage. The world seems one of 
happiness to them, it might be more truly such, were it not for the 
cruelty of some human beings. 

On the boulevards in Paris, a fashionable resort for promenading, 
where may be found seats for those who would rest or lounge, and con¬ 
venience for refreshment, one often meets persons bearing long wooden 
cages, containing half a dozen or ,more swallows, usually young ones, 
which have been cruelly captured from their nests. These innocent 
birds are thus borne about, exposed to the view of those who may chance 
to be seeking pleasure or recreation, and frequent appeals are made to 
the passers-by to purchase the freedom of a bird. “ Two cents for the 
liberty of one, only two cents ; take one, ladies and gentlemen, it will 
bring good luck. ’ ’ Thus is carried on a speculation with the sympathies 
| and pity of the public. And many young swallows are bought free, and 
the poor trembling captives set at liberty, to sport at will through the 
free air. It is pleasant to observe the apparent joy of these birds as 
they fly off from the benevolent hands of their liberators. 


Notes. —1st 1. Us is Es3 for distinction’s sake, though its vowel is second-place; 
as Ever, in 2d 1., is Veei, to distinguish it from Have _2d 1. Often , though its ac¬ 

cented vowel is first-place, is put in the second position to distinguish it from 
Even, Veni, which might he read as Often if accidently light, while Often, Feni in 

the Old Phonography, might be read Even, if accidentally heavy_5th 1. from 

bottom. * and gentlemen.' Jenti, gentlemen,’ to distinguish it from Jent 2 , ‘gen- 

tle?na»,’_3d. 1. from bottom. ‘ thus is.’ Is added to thus, under § 38, 3. Thus is 

Dhees3, to distinguish it from This, Dheesa, which is so placed because of its fre¬ 
quency, and to distinguish it from These, Dhees 1 . 

Carefully make all the references to the Hand-Book indicated in the engraving 
and in the Notes and References on p. 79. 











29 



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1 


























KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


30 * 

Speaking of swallows in Paris, we are reminded of an incident which 
occurred in that city and was related by an eye-witness. A swallow 
alighted on one of the colleges and accidentally slipped its foot into a 
noose of a string attached to a water-spout. By endeavoring to escape, 
the string became drawn tightly around its legs. Its strength became 
exhausted in vain attempts to fly, and at length it uttered piercing cries, 
which soon assembled a vast multitude of swallows. 

They seemed to consult together for a little while, and then one of 
them darted at the string, and struck it with its beak as it flew past. 
Others followed in quick succession and did the same, each striking at 
the same place. After continuing this combined operation for half an 
hour, the cord was severed and the captive set free to join the flights of 
| its companions. 

When summer has passed, the swallows, young and old, hold their 
meetings of preparation on the roofs of the barns, for their journey 
south. Each parent bird instructs its young, that before the cold win¬ 
ter cramps the insects. 


Notes on Position of Word-Signs. —1st 1. There are three positions for word-signs. 
See 54, and read carefully. The position of some word-signs is determined by 
the principles of phrase-writing. We are is Weri, because We, represented by 
the Way-hook, determines the position In accordance with 245. So We may should 
be Wemi, and We will. Well, for the same reason. ‘Which,’ though having a 
first-place vowel, is put, because of its frequency, in the second position, the 
most convenient one, and that serves to distinguish it from Each, which is 
Chayi, in accordance with its vowel, ‘and was.’ Was, though having a first- 

place vowel, is in the second position, because of its frequency-2d 1. ‘ by an.’ 

By is Beel, in accordance with its vowel, while Be is, for the sake of distinction, 
and because of its frequency, put in the more convenient (second) position, not¬ 
withstanding its vowel is first-place. 55. ‘ its ’ is Tees-’, because of its frequency 
_4th 1. ‘in,’ Eui, in accordance with its vowel. Any is Eni (though its ac¬ 
cented vowel is e, second-place), to distinguish it from No, En 2 ; and Own is made 
Ens for the same reason. ‘ and at.’ At is Tees, in accordance with its vowel. It 
is Tee2... Gth 1. ‘They,’ because a very frequent word, is entitled to be repre¬ 
sented by its consonant, Dhee, in the position (second) indicated by its vowel. 
Though is put, for distinction’s sake, in the third position, notwithstanding its 
accented vowel is second-place. And the context will easily enable one to dis¬ 
tinguish it from Thou, Dimes, which is properly placed according to its accented 
vowel. ‘Together’ is represented by Gay, in the position indicated by the ac¬ 
cented vowel of the word. Give is Gayi, according to its vowel. ‘ For a.’ For, 
because of its frequency, is written Ef2, notwithstanding its vowel is first-place. 
This placing of the word distinguishes it from If, Efi, in accordance with its 
vowel. ‘ While,’ placed in the first position, according to its vowel, is disting¬ 
uished thus from Well, WeB, in accordance with its vowel. 

















31* KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

they must escape to some distant warmer clime. The course of the 
journey is pointed out to the inexperienced traveler, by short excursions. 
As the chilly nights come on, and the frosts, they improve a bright 
morning, and rising in flocks high above the trees, commence their 
|journey. 

They often rest for a short time on their way, when some suitable 
spot is found; but they hasten forward to Florida and the southern 
! coast of the Gulf of Mexico, ere they tarry long. Most of them, on the 
approach of cool weather there, go still further south, to pass the winter 
in a warmer clime. 


CONFESSIONS OF A BASHFUL MAN. 

Part First. 

You must know that in my person I am tall and thin, with a fair 
complexion and light flaxen hair; but of such extreme sensibility to 
j shame, that on the smallest subject of confusion, my blood all rushes into 
my cheeks. Having been sent to the university, the consciousness of my 
unhappy failing made me avoid society, and I became enamored of a 
college life. But from that peaceful retreat I was called by the death 
of my father and of a rich uncle, who left me a fortune of thirty thou¬ 
sand pounds. 

I now purchased an estate in the country, and my company was much 
t courted by the surrounding families, especially by such as had marriage- 
| able daughters. Though I wished to accept their offered friendship, I 
was forced repeatedly to excuse myself, under the pretense of not being 
quite settled. Often, when I have ridden or walked with full intention 
| of returning their visits, my heart has failed me as I approached their 
! gates, and I have returned homeward, resolving to try again the next 
I day. Determined, however, at length, to conquer my timidity, I ac¬ 
cepted an invitation to dine with one whose open, easy manner left me 


Notes on Word-Signs.— 1st 1. * to some.’ To is Petoid 2 , i. e., oo on the line, in the 
direction of Pee. 002 , in the direction of Chay, is should. See G9. ‘ The ’ may 
be regarded as ei or H. Be sure to read 68. R. 2. ‘Out ’ is Tee3 in accordance 
with its vowel. It is readily distinguished from At, also Tee3, by means of the 

context-2d 1 ‘ As the.’ ,4s or Has, is represented by Iss 2 , on the line, because 

of its frequency, notwithstanding the vowel is third-place. Is or His, is Issh in 
accordance with the vowel, 



















31 


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( ^ ^ ^ w tfk <«r^ < ° v/,, < 

V s XI. -X v x ( lx c 
tx x ' -r ~^\ i,-.r 


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doTvj 7 essions of a Bashful Mart- 

PART FTRST. 

~-P, t 'V^ ^ V~ C, , V; 'V 

* 7° ~*X- n A , ( -» \ ' U , ~ x 

' -<7 '-I "'' ZL, X V_. \ ^ . ■• r , ' ,/'•., '• - --N 
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0 " N J '•~ V 1 si - r^- x^S- > <L w 


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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 32* 

no room to doubt a cordial welcome. Sir Thomas Friendly, who lives 
about two miles distant, is a baronet, with an estate joining to that I 
purchased. He has two sons and five daughters, all grown up and liv¬ 
ing with their mother and a maiden sister of Sir Thomas’s, at Friendly 
Hall. Conscious of my unpolished gait, I have, for some time past, 
taken private lessons of a professor who teaches “grown gentlemen to 
dance ; ” and though I at first found wondrous difficulty in the art he 
taught, my knowledge of mathematics was of prodigious use in teach¬ 
ing me the equilibrium of my body, and the due adjustment of the cen¬ 
ter of gravity to the five positions. 

Having acquired the art of walking without tottering, and learned to 
make a bow, I boldly ventured to obey the baronet’s invitation to a 
family dinner, not doubting that my new acquirements would enable 
me to see the ladies with tolerable intrepidity, but, alas! how vain are 
all the hopes of theory, when unsupported by habitual practice ! 

As I approached the house, a dinner-bell alarmed my fears, lest I had 
spoiled the dinner by want of punctuality. Impressed with this idea, 
I blushed the deepest crimson, as my name was repeatedly announced 
by the several livery-servants, who ushered me into the library, hardly 
knowing what or whom I saw. At my first entrance, I summoned up all 
my fortitude, and made my new-learned howto Lady Friendly ; but un¬ 
fortunately, in bringing back my left foot to the third position, I trod 
upon the gouty toe of poor Sir Thomas, who had followed close at my 
heels, to be the nomenclator of the family. 

The confusion this occasioned in me is hardly to be conceived, since 
none but bashful men can judge of my distress. The baronet’s polite¬ 
ness, by degrees, dissipated my concern, and I was astonished. 


Notes on Word-Signs.— 1st 1. * Who.’ Who is Jedoid2, i. e., do on the line, in the 
direction of Jay. 002 , in the direction of Bee, is Too or Two. See 68, R. 1 and 2 ; 
69. * About ’ is Bet3, in accordance with the accented vowel-2d 1. ‘ is a.’ Ob¬ 

serve that the circle is joined to the ticks A-n-d and The the same as to consonant 
straight lines. 27, 1. ‘ All.’ See list ot vowel word-signs in 69. • Up ’ is Pee*, in 

accordance with its vowel. The less frequent word Hope, for distinction's sake, 

is l’ee3 ; notwithstanding its vowel is second-place-4tli 1. ‘ I have.’ See 103. 

To Tetoidi, as an abbreviated I, Have is joined by the Vee-liook. 201, R. 2 and 4 

_5th 1. ‘First, is the 'Steh-loop, on the line, in the direction of Chay. The 

Hand-Book introduced the plan of joining First to a preceding word by a Steh- 
loop, as in writing At First, Teest3. ‘ Difficulty.’ By retaining the Old-Phono¬ 
graphic sign, Kel2, for this word as well as Difficult, the frequent words Different 
and Difference may be represented by Def2 instead of by the uusuggestive sign 

j) eel _6tli 1, * Use.’ (=yuxs) is Ess, in accordance with its vowel. The frequent 

word So is Es 2 and See, Esi, in accordance with the vowel. Us, notwithstanding 
its second-place vowel, is made Es3, to distinguish it from So. 














KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


33* 

! to see how far good-breeding could enable him to suppress his feelings, 
and to appear with perfect ease after so painful an accident. 

The cheerfulness of her ladyship, and the familiar chat cf the young 
ladies, insensibly led me to throw off my reserve and sheepishness, till, 

| at length, I ventured to join the conversation and even to start fresh 
I subjects. The library being richly furnished with hooks in elegant 
I bindings, I conceived Sir Thomas to he a man of literature, and ventured 
I to give my opinion concerning several editions of the Greek classics, in 
which the baronet’s opinion exactly co-incided with my own. 

To this subject I was led by observing an edition of Xenophon in 
I sixteen volumes, which (as I had never before heard of such a thing) 
greatly excited my curiosity, and I rose up to examine what it could be. 
Sir Thomas saw what I was about, and, as I supposed, willing to save 
me trouble, rose to take down the book, which made me more eager to 
prevent him, and hastily laying my hand on the first volume, I pulled 
it forcibly, but, lo! instead of books, a board, which, by lettering and 
I gilding, had been made to look like sixteen volumes, came tumbling 
down, and unluckily pitched upon a wedgewood ink stand on the table 
under it. 

In vain did Sir Thomas assure me there was no harm ; I saw the ink 
streaming from an inlaid table on the ’Turkey carpet, and, scarce know¬ 
ing what I did, attempted to stop its progress with my cambric hand¬ 
kerchief. In the height of this confusion, we were informed that din¬ 
ner was served up, and I, with joy, perceived that the bell, which at 
first had so alarmed my fears, was only the half-hour dinner-bell. 


Notes on Word-Signs. —1st 1. * good.’ Good, is Ged 2 , because of its frequency, 
notwithstanding its vowel is third-place. God is Gedi, in accordance with the 
vowel. * Could.’ This word being very frequent is entitled to the most conven¬ 
ient position (the second), notwithstanding its accented vowel is third-place. 
Quite is Keti, in accordance with its vowel; and, in the Reporting Style, Act-ed 
may be written Ket 3 . For Corresponding-Style rule of position for woi'ds hav¬ 
ing second-place or third-place accented vowels, see 52 ; 53 ; 219. * Him.’ Him is 

Etn 2 to distinguish it from Me and My (Emi).2d 1. ‘After ’ is Eft 2 , because of 

its frequency, though its accented vowel would assign it to the third position. 
Feti is If it, and Fet 2 is a reporting word-sign originated with the Hand-Book for 

Future and Futurity .3d 1. ‘her.’ Her, notwithstanding its accented vowel is 

second-place, is assigned to the first position the more certainly to distinguish it 
from Our, Ar3. Are is Ar 2 , a convenient position to which this word is entitled by 
its frequency, notwithstanding the vowel is third-place. Here and Her, being 
I different parts of speech, may, of coui'se, be distinguished by context, notwith- 
j standing they are all represented by the same sign, Art. 



























34 , 


PART SECOND. 




























KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


34 * 


Part Second. 

In walking through the hall, and suit of apartments to the dining-room, 
I had time to collect my scattered senses, and was desired to take my 
seat betwixt Lady Friendly and her eldest daughter at the table. Since 
the fall of the wooden Xenophon, my face had been continually burn¬ 
ing like a fire-brand ; and I was just beginning to recover myself, and 
to feel comfortably cool, when an unlooked-for accident rekindled all 
my heat and blushes. 

Having set my plate of soup too near the edge of the table, in bowing 
to Miss Dinah, who politely complimented the pattern of my waistcoat, I 
tumbled the whole scalding contents into my lap. In spite of an imme¬ 
diate supply of napkins to wipe the surface of my clothes, my black silk 
dress was not stout enough to save me from the painful effects of this 
sudden fomentation, and for some minutes I seemed to be in a boil¬ 
ing caldron ; but, recollecting how Sir Thomas had disguised his torture 
when I trod upon his toe, I firmly bore my pain in silence, midst the 
stifled giggling of the ladies and the servants. 

I will not relate the several blunders which I made during the first 
course, or the distress occasioned by my being desired to carve a fowl, or 
help to various dishes that stood near me ; upsetting a sauce-boat, and 
knocking down a salt-cellar : rather let me hasten to the second course, 
where fresh disasters overwhelmed me quite. 

I had a piece of rich, sweet pudding on my fork, when Miss Louisa 
Friendly begged to trouble me for a pigeon that stood near me. In my 
haste, scarce knowing what I did, I whipped the pudding into my 
mouth, hot as a burning coal. 


Notes on Word-Signs.— 1st 1. ‘ through the.’ Through, because a frequeut word, 
is Ther 2 , notwithstandiug its vowel is third-place. In the Old Phonography it 
was unnecessarily in the third and less convenient positiou. In Standard-Pho¬ 
nography, Throughout is Thret 2 , instead of Thret 2 as in the Old Phonography- 

3d! ‘had been.’ Had is Dee3 in accordance with its vowel, but, for the sake of 
distinction and because of its greater lrequency. Do is written in the second 
position, which is the most convenient position... .6th 1. ‘near the.’ Near and 
Nor, in accordance with the vowel, are represented by Neri. Manner, a frequeut 
word, is Ner2 : while Owner is Nera, the same position as the primitive Own*.... 
7th 1. ‘Whole.’ Lay 2 is used for the very frequent word Will ; and, for sake of 
distinction. Whole is written Lays, notwithstanding its vowel is second-place.... 
8th 1. ‘ immediate’ is Modi, in accordance with its accented vowel, while Med 2 
is Made _9th 1. ‘from the.’ From, because of its frequency, is Fer2, notwith¬ 

standing it has a first-place vowel. In the reporting-style, Feri is Form-ed, as 
first given in the Hand Book. 















35 * KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

It was impossible to conceal my agony ; my eyes were starting from 
their sockets. At last, in spite ot shame and resolution, I was obliged 
to drop the caus6 of torment on my plate. 

Sir Thomas and the ladies all compassionated my misfortune, and 
each advised a different application. One recommended oil, another 
water; but all agreed that wine was best for drawing out fire ; and a 
glass of sherry was brought me from the side-board, which I snatched 
up with eagerness, but, Oh ! how shall I tell the sequel ? 

Whether the butler by accident mistook, or purposely designed to 
drive me mad, he gave me the strongest brandy, with which I filled my 
mouth, already flayed and blistered. Totally unused to every kind of 
ardent spirits, with my tongue, throat, and palate as raw as beef, what 
could I do ? I could not swallow; and clapping my hands upon my 
mouth, the liquor'squirted through my fingers like a fountain, over all 
the dishes, and I was crushed by bursts of laughter from all quarters. 
In vain did Sir Thomas reprimand the servants, and Lady Friendly 
chide her daughters, for the measure of my shame and their diversion 
was not yet complete. 

To relieve me from the intolerable state of perspiration which this 
accident had caused, without considering what I did, I wiped my face 
with that ill-fated handkerchief, which was still wet from the conse¬ 
quences of the fall of Xenophon, and covered all my features with 
streaks of ink in every direction. The baronet himself could not sup¬ 
port the shock, but joined his lady in the general laugh, while I sprang 
from the table in despair, rushed out of the house, and ran home in an 
agony of confusion and disgrace which the most poignant sense of guilt 
could not have excited. Anonymous. 


Notes on Word-Signs. —1st. 1. ‘impossible’ and Impossibility are Empsi, in ac¬ 
cordance with the accented vowel. Eraps 2 is a derivative word-sign for Improves 

or Improvements -3d 1. ‘ and each.’ Each is Chayi, in accordance with its vowel; 

Which is Chay 2 , for the purpose of distinguishing it from Each, and to have it in 
the most convenient position, to which the word is entitled by its frequency. 
Much is represented by its last consonant, Chay, in the third position, to distin¬ 
guish it from Which and Each. ‘ a different.’ Different, because of its frequency, 
has its sign, Def, written in the second position, though its accented vowel is 
first-place. In the reporting style, Defi is a word-sign for Divine-ity, and Def 1 for 

Advance-d as first given in the Hand-Book-9th 1. ‘kind.’ Kind and Cannot, 

though both Kenti (in accordance with the accented vowel), are easily distin¬ 
guished by context. Account is Kent 2 , because frequent, notwithstanding it sac- 
cented vowel is third place. Cannot, Kenti, is distinguished from Can, Ken 2 , 
both by position and length of letter. This is important, to avoid reading an 
affirmative sentence as negative, and vice versa. Distinguish, if desired. Can’t 
from Can not, by vocalizing Kent 2 for the former. 

















i "" « s 

'A ^ 0 s t, r- ' X, 

X IX , rl ' \ ~ ' r X/^., 7 U Xp> 


35 


•r 

<o 


a 


X- 


9 t 

-r, ^ 


i 


X A 


, ' ^ < ^ i x, v r.. 

>" ) < " ~v 'X , / v Sr \ ' 

J v D 2 


, ^ \ -f ^ 
X _= ' 

/* -V ' ^ "’ ' 

. X , 1 _ 1 ? 

^ 

\ 


%> 


X s ' ~1 X 


X^V- L x t - 

/ v c a , ■ t x,« 
! ''" L , •>-, -v . <" 
^ o. \ ^ n. , ■ 

■ •» V ; . ') -p 

■ x ix /x,.. v -, ./• i p 


/v 




, ^ ‘ O ^ K 0 \P L « 1.. 


^ -f 


/ c ~$_.. 


T, < 1 


’ 1 ,’ U A W', ^ x -1 ,Lv, 

,_✓ ^ ^ ‘ IX, ' ^ ' -'X 1_J> x • V“ 

^ \/£., X- * fl ^ y X, r v ‘X 

^ ^ J^, x> H .x\ x- x ^ ' X» W / 
^ "X> •>_.« '“ v XL * 


Jincnijinous 















_ 




' -X 


X> A 


ITKe orse_ 

-tT. ^ 


1**- 'f 


.X 


<X 






°\ 


o 

r 


v<T 


X 

) 

H . 

1 

X. 

\ 


, 

^-3 

kv- 

, -X 

■r 

^ < 

3C. 

X 

9 - 


"i- 


• X 

Vx 

V 

— 


^ v> 

X 


,c 


) -7 


X 


“V 


u, 


"v* ■> 

-/ N. v 

1 ti 

, 


r “-f- 




\ 


\ 


X 


■n, 


) i 


• d 


J 









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O 




/ 




















































KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 36 * 


THE HORSE. 

The horse is found in almost every part of the world in a domestic state. 
He is found wild in Africa and Arabia ; also in South America, and the 
western parts of North America, having been introduced to the latter 
countries by the Spaniards. He is the most noble and the most useful 
of the domestic animals. With less sagacity than the elephant, he still 
possesses that quality in a high degree, and is generous, mild, and even 
affectionate in his nature. 

The very appearance of the horse denotes great strength, remarkable 
activity, and a lofty spirit, yet he is submissive to the command of man. 
He not only yields to the hand that guides him, hut he attends quickly 
to the wishes of his rider, and, obedient to the impressions which he 
receives, presses on, or stops ,at his rider’s pleasure. 


Notes on Word-Signs. —1st 1. ‘ every ’ is Vers, in accordance with its accented 
vowel. It is readily distinguished, by the context, from the word Very, which is 
j also Vers. Ever is Veei, and However, Vee3. ‘ world.’ This was formerly repre- 
j sen ted by Werd 2 , which is far better appropriated to Word, which it completely 
! expresses. The sign Eld, appropriated to World, will be seen to be the last con¬ 
sonant-sign of its complete outline, Wer-Eld. It is put in the second position, 
in accordance with its vowel u. This sign is very convenient for phrase-writing, 
as in writing In the world, Eni-Eld ; All the World, Bedoidt-Eld ; Throughout the 
world, Thret 2 -Eld ; For the world, Ef 2 -Eld. See World in the Standard-Phono- 
! graphic Dictionaiy. As to the principles to be observed in devising or selecting 
| word-signs and contractions, see the Compendium, p. 122, R. 3. This word-sign 
for World will be found to comply fully with the principles there first stated.... 

3d 1. * been ’ is Ben 2 , because of its frequency, although its vowel is first-place_ 

4th 1, * than the.’ Three words are represented by Dlien. placed according to the 
accented vowel of the woi’d it is a sign for : Dheni, Within ; Dhen 2 , Then ; Dhen3, 

Than _9th 1. ‘wishes.’ TFisft is Ish 1 , in accordance with accented vowel; Shall 

is frequent, and is, therefore, Ish 2 ; and Issue, in the reporting style, is Ish3, for 
I distinction’s sake. 




















87 * KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

To have an idea of this noble animal in his native simplicity, we are 
not to look for him in the stables to which he has been consigned by 
man, but in those wild and extensive plains where he is found in a state 
of nature, where he ranges without control and enjoys that freedom 
which bounteous nature gave. 

As an instance of the great attachment which the Arab feels to his horse, 
the following account is related. “ The whole stock of a poor Arabian 
of the desert consisted of a beautiful mare. The French consul at Said of¬ 
fered to purchase her for his master, the king of France. The Arab hesitated 
for a long time, but pressed by want, he at length consented to sell her 
for a considerable sum of money. The consul, not choosing to give so 
high a price without instruction, wrote to France for permission to make 
the purchase. Louis Fourteenth gave orders to pay the money. The 
consul sent notice thereof to the Arab, who soon made his appearance, 
mounted on his beautiful horse, and the gold he had demanded as her 
price was paid down to him. The Arab dismounted and looked at the 
money; then, turning his eyes to his mare, he sighed, and thus ad¬ 
dressed her: 

“ ‘To whom am I going to yield thee up ? To Europeans, who will tie 
thee close, who will beat thee, who will render thee miserable. Remain 
with me, my beauty, my darling, my jewel, and rejoice the hearts of my 
children.’ As he pronounced these words, he sprang upon her back, 
and galloped off towards the desert. ’ ’ 


Notes on Word-Signs and Contractions .—1st 1. ‘ We are not ’ is Wernti, its posi¬ 
tion being determined by the word We, in accordance with the usual rule of 

phrase-position. 245. Were not is Wernt 2 -3d 1. ‘ Where ’ is Wer 2 , in accordance 

with its vowel (ae), Avhich is second-place with the use of the usual (twelve-vow- 
el) scale. 47. Aware, a less frequent word, is represented by Wer3. See A- in the 
Standard-Phonographic Dictionary. We are is represented by Wer 1 , the position of 
the sign, as tnough it were a phrase-sign, being determined by the usual rule of 
phrase-position. 245. * Nature ’ is Net 2 , in accordance with its accented vowel. 

Neti is Not -5th L * great ’ is Gret 2 , in accordance with its vowel. Greater is Gret2- 

liay; Greatest, Gretst2; Greatly, Gret2-Lay; Greatness, Gret2-Ens. ‘account’ isKent 2 , 
because of its frequency, notwithstanding its accented vowel (ou) is third-place. 
Kenti is Cannot. For the derivatives of Account, see the Standard-Phonographic 

Dictionary-8th 1. ‘ want ’ is Weuti, in accordance with its vowel. Went, which 

was formerly represented as a sign word by Wenti, is written in Standard-Pho¬ 
nography by Weut 2 , in accordance with the usual rule of position. 6.2. Since 
the name of the sign makes the word, it may be left unvocalized, in accordance 

with 239, R. 2-15th 1. * thee.’ Thee and Thy are Dheei ; They and Them are Dhee 2 ; 

and Thou, Dhee3 in accordance with the vowel. Though, for distinction’s sake, is 
Dhee3. 











































38 


I . 


Immensity of t"he Universe.. 
( ' 

\ ^ 1 




-^Y- xc-v 


n- 


<^~S> A 


~ ^ * ■ ' J f V / V_ \>' ° j F \ N \^VT 

■? \ - > U ' - V^x V . !\ V 1 \-K v , , x , . v ' 

t /A .tvV 1 Hi , . x , ^...\ T.AfO' ^i,"' 

vA^'A.V ' D, / / !9L =Y?- V ~ «" 

Ux 5 AT' w,x ,' 7 ^,, ~ I „U'J 


• i > ' ! '” 2 j> C/-, \, , ' X l- (t> 

.^..u-\j x * ..., ■• y, c, i ^ 


i 


/ 




'Wo x ^ 


^ x 


J 


X C, o 


1 “ 
X I 


-X- ' - —- < -.-- •'.k 

^.^•T ( ' ov-lo <^»» IV*,. .w, “ 

iz.ooo <m,T.n j- i , 400,000 IX, ’ 'XI Xl X 

X r - ^ - X ° \ (-'i- 

A. , M T x.x,';, -n_. v 


^ J ^ ^ S/ 

l — r, jrv 200 ^ ri ' y T * 

-XT ° I 313 IX ’ £—vU ( ^ ,895,000 

L j 12,133 X ' ^ ^0 ( 4 ,96,000,000 j x 

^ \ ' ■ ? - • >.;vc ■ (. ^ <v, 

X ' ' y, , . ) ™..l_.,i a 'Vo 


\ 


LuT~* 
) «- 


















KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 38 * 


IMMENSITY OF THE UNIVERSE. 

The contemplation of the works of God—the magnitude of the visible 
creation, and the smallness of the earth in comparison—can but have 
an elevating effect upon our moral and religious sentiments. The full 
extent of the universe is not known. The only part which we have any 
conception of is that which has been laid open by the perseverance and 
ability of the astronomer, assisted by optical instruments of great power. 
We have no definite knowledge or conception of the visible creation. 
Numbers can only represent our knowlege of its proximate magnitude ; 
but to get our best idea of the extent of the visible universe, we are 
obliged to employ a standard of reference, or unit of measure, which 
actually overpowers our highest conceptions of greatness. We are some¬ 
what familiar with the extent of one, two, or three miles ; hut when we 
wish to grasp a definite idea of ten miles, we find it a considerable effort 
of the imagination. Extend the measure to a hundred, a thousand, or 
to ten thousand miles, and it is really beyond our definite conception. 
What must we say, then, of this terrestrial globe when considered in all 
its extent ? And then let us extend our observations to the vast globe 
of the sun. What do we here find? A little universe within itself—a 
globe, whose diameter exceeds that of our terrestrial sphere a hundred 
and twelve times; whose surface is more than twelve thousand times 
that of the earth, and its solid contents one million and four hundred 
thousand times the solid contents of the earth. Were it hollow, except 
a thin surface, and the earth and moon separated as far as they now 
are —moved within it, the earth occupying the center, there would be 
ample room for the moon to revolve around its wonted center, yea, 
and leave two hundred miles beyond on every side. 

While the diameter of the sun is but one hundred and thirteen times 
the diameter of the earth (that is, 895,000 miles), its distance from us is 
12,133 times the same unit (that is, 96,000,000 miles). Such vast num¬ 
bers are completely beyond our comprehension in this sphere of life, and 
hence astronomers are wont to employ a standard of measurement, large 
in itself, so as to form some conception of distances so great. 




39* KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

r 

Observation shows that light moves with a rapidity so great that it sweeps 
over a space of 192,000 miles in a second of time. In other words, were 
a taper lighted 192,000 miles from us, in just one second we could see 
the effect of its blaze. Vast to us as such numbers appear, it actually 
requires light about eight and a half minutes to come from the sun to 
the earth. To employ a standard brought down more nearly to our 
comprehension : suppose a steam-carriage to move without intermission, 
day and night, at the rate of twenty miles an hour, till it reaches the sun. 
Several generations must pass away during the time, for, it would oc¬ 
cupy about 550 years. Such, then, is the interval that separates us from 
our solar orb. Is it a wonder that the sun is really so large, while its 
apparent dimensions are so small ? 

But we have not yet gone beyond the limits of the earth’s orbit. Our 
planetary system is vast in extent beyond that. The space that sepa¬ 
rates Neptune, the farthest known planet from the sun, is equal to 
thirty times that which lies between us and the sun. Start from the 
great central luminary on your steam-carriage, as above supposed, and 
let your course be toward that distant planet to which I have just called 
your attention ; travel a thousand years, and your course is yet onward 
—onward still, till another, and another, and another thousand years 
have elapsed, — and only one quarter of your journey is performed. Six¬ 
teen thousand five hundred years must sweep into eternity ere you 
arrive at your journey’s end. But the position which you now occupy 
only marks the limit of one side of our system of sun and planets. 
The orbit of far-off Neptune extends as far on the other side of the sun 
as you are now supposed to be on this. Hence, to travel from one side 
of the known planetary system to the other, would require twice 16,500, 
or 33,000 years. 


Questions and Notes. —1st 1. * Observation.’ How is Iss usually joined to straight 
lines? 27. 1. How is it joined between two strokes? 27, 4. In what position is 
That? 39, 1 ; 219, 1. It is put in this position to distinguish it from without, 
Dhet 2 . ‘ light.’ What is the rule for shortening to add t in this word ? 220. Why 
is the word written in the first position ? 219, 1. ‘ moves.’ Why is ob written 

before Veo instead of after Em ? 105, 2 ; 106, R. 1. * rapidity.’ How is d expressed 

in this word ? and by what rule ? 220. ‘ sweeps.’ 117, 3. ‘ space ’ 58, 63_2d 

1. • miles ’ and ‘ second.’ The first requirement of speed is the use, if permitted 
by other principles of Phonographic Orthography, of the briefest signs for the 
expression of sounds. See Part V of the Hand Book, § 4, 1. Hence, in Miles= 
mHz, z is expressed by Iss (26, R.), and, in Second, n is expressed by the En-hook, 
and d by shortening. 220. ‘taper.’ There is nothing hex - e to prevent the use of 
the briefest sign for pr. 166, b and c-3dl. ‘effect.’ Why can not Kay be short¬ 

ened here to add t? 217 and R. 
















° v -— ^ 39 

'\Ao X < f -U ’ L \ \~>.-\ ' 102,000 

-O ^ N IV w 

v ' 1— x --')--o°, <; b (P 192,000 ^ 

--)-■'' /v ^ r- ' ...)... o -A.r^. 

^ ,-i -r ? 8 * t 

1. 1 J-- - ^ ' -V Vo : H .’•—7 ^ c ' A' . I- 

^ ^ 550 A * '/, C , •'’ ^ 

r V* > ^ ^ ° ^ r ) ry _C. I V l~^> ^ 

^ oT? 

\ 

' v - « ^ ; \ »-•■>..%/ ^ ° V 

"" " - ( - * ' k < ^ ^ ^ ^ •>. ° 

^ x 30 c, a r .k..).., ^« .i ^ Hf 
V- r '^7, o \^k, j- r er-H* \ 1 ( }; ^ , ‘ /- 
r ^ b ; ^ t r ^° „ ^ 

16,500 'A ^ V A "bj. „ >.!.. r 

k- .~r^ r- ' 7 ' 


T 


A> -~x x 0 „ —A 

? ^ V ^ S^^V* 0 sc- 

o ^ V. v .t ^ ’Ls £k 

x f i » ^ t" 16,500 , 1 33,000 " ! 'i * 











40 




C - r ^! x ^ --- ^ ^ Nf »- 

^ —vpv \ 


^u.l f^ v (, ^ r..(..%.^-xSf. c 


IV ;Lv <■ 

8,800 "V s ^ 

\>: ~> °' 


r 


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L ^ X 


1680 

( CV.^. 

* 

L-|- ( 

--- tv.?, lx/,(, M \ 

) / ’ vu> .L; v -'' 0 t * «- C ^ °, 14 jfe «J._^~ 

, ^ '\ ^ ^ x o > ^ s ,'n- A. 


QX/ j I :> 


. ^ / V —i X 


_7y_ . 


C( 2- 

' 1 


w*' -(>r % , 


V <UJ> _^\___ , _„J.__*\ 


V 


1 


c ^ ^ M -1 <i , 

i ^-p i 3 ^ IV|* , 

^ ^ X i 

i n \ r_ ___ 

\ 


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( C L 5 K " -70*V,/ 


7\ 




20 


X 


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X ^ 

“T ‘ 6o [^ 


X 











KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 40 * 

Beyond this, other planets are still suspected. Light, even with its 
amazing velocity, could not pass from one extremity of this system to 
the other in less than eight hours. Even this is not the limit of our 
j solar system. According to the computations of astronomers, the splen¬ 
did comet of 1G80 requires 8,800 years to complete one revolution around 
the sun. The mighty space that this sweeps over in passing around the 
I sun is yet hut a point. When it is at that part of its orbit farthest 
j from the sun, it would require about four days for light to reach us 
from it. Such, then, is that space throughout which the sun’s attrac- 
j tive influence is felt. Great as this space is, it is only one two-hundred- 
and-fiftieth part of that which separates our sun from the next nearest 
sun in the universe. 

But let us stop one moment to raise our eyes to the vault of heaven, 
and notice these sparkling points which are scattered promiscuously over 
the nocturnal sky. 

“ O, what a confluence of etherial fires. 

From suns unnumbered, down the steep of heaven 

Stream to a point, to center in my sight 1 

This prospect vast—what is it? Weighed aright, 

’Tis Nature's system of divinity. 

And every student of the night inspires ; 

’Tis elder Scripture, writ by God’s own hand— 

Scripture authentic—uncorrupt by man.” 

Let us now proceed in our imaginary flight to the nearest fixed star. 
Suppose that we travel with the speed of a cannon-ball, which goes 
twenty miles a minute, or sixty times. 


Que$tio7is and Notes. —1st 1. * planets.’ nts are better expressed here by En-hook 
and Tees, than by Nets, because of the better junctions, and the better basis for 
the derivative words, secured by the former, ‘suspected.’ There is nothing 
J hero to prevent the use of the briefest expression of s-s. Ses is 16 per cent, faster 
1 than Es-Iss the expression in the Old Phonography for initial s-s. Why may the 
vowel of the syllable -ted be omitted ? 239, R. 2, b. ‘ velocity.’ 16G, b aud c. ‘ could 

j not.’ 245_2d 1. ‘ extremity.’ Why can not the t of -ty be expressed by shorten- 

I jug ? 220, b., 1 ; Orth =Ortliographer, 3, 1. ‘ the other.’ yu is here used, by license, 

for the similar sounds 6u. 136. ‘8.’ 82-7th 1. ‘as this.’ 246, 3. As is here 

adapted to This, so that it may be distinguished from As these, Iss-Dlieesi, and As 

those, Iss-Dheesn. ‘Only/ 156, R., b _9th 1. ‘ stop.’ As no vowel occurs between 

the s and t, the briefest sign for st may be used. ‘ moment.’ -nt may here be ex¬ 
pressed in the briefest way, namely, by the En-hook and shortening, ‘raise.’ 
When s is not immediately preceded by an initial or immediately followed by a 
final vowel, it is almost invariably represented by Iss. ‘ vault.’ Why is au written 
thx’ougli Yelt ? 169, 3. 
















41 * 


KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


our former velocity, one million two hundred thousand years must pass 
away before we come to our journey’s end. The distance is twenty 
I millions of millions (20,000,000,000,000) of miles, and it takes light 
three years and eighty days to reach us. And thus, were the nearest 
I star blotted out of existence, it would shine for three years and eighty days 
before the last ray could reach us. We thought, in considering the dis- 
! tance that separates the sun from the earth, that it was very great; 
what, then, shall we say of that expanse of space that requires light up¬ 
wards of three years to traverse it! 

Remember, however, that this is not the farthest fixed star, but the 
i nearest that has yet been found—a bright star in the southern liemi- 
I sphere. There are other stars, and bright ones, too, whose distance from 
us far exceeds that of the one we have been contemplating. The light 
from Sirius, the brightest of all the fixed stars, occupies thirteen years 
in reaching us, and consequently its distance from the earth is four 
times the distance of Alpha Centauri, the nearest star whose parallax has 
| been determined. Arcturus, a large red star of the northern hemi- 
I sphere, is so far removed from us, that no less than twenty-three years 
I are consumed in the passage of its light to the earth. If the distances 
of the brightest fixed stars are so great, what can we say of those that 
are just perceptible to the naked eye ? 

We have reason to think that the average distance of the stars in- 
| creases as their apparent magnitude decreases. If we now take the 
average distance of the stars of the first magnitude to be such that it 
will require ten years for the passage of light from them to us 
(and there is reason to think that it is greater than this), then the 
smallest stars that are distinctly visible to the naked eye, will, on an 
average, be so far from us that it will require light seventy years to 
reach us from them ; and light from those stars that are so small that 
i we only occasionally catch a glimpse of them, can not pass over the 
| interval. 


Questions and Notes— 1st 1. ‘former.’ Why is aw written through Fer? 169,3. 
What serves for the Ar-liook in the last syllable ? 164... .2d 1. < distance.’ How is 
n expressed in this word? 187... .3d 1. Why is «light ’ written above the line,*, e„ 

in the first position ? 219, 1.4th 1. ‘ out of.’ How is of added here ? 201, R. 4.’ 

‘existence.’ How is Ses vocalized? 65, 2....5th 1. How may con- or com-be ex¬ 
pressed in connection with the preceding word In ? Ans. By the sign for Incon-m. 
p. 112, R. 7. Observe that the general method of implying con, com, or cog, is by 
writing the remainder of the word under or close to a preceding syllable or xoord : 
near Dee, for de- or dis-, as in decompose, discontinue; near Ray, for re- as in recon¬ 
cilable, recommend, recognize ; near Ar, for irre-. as i n irreconcilable ; near En 2 for 
un-, as in uncontrolled, uncombined ; under the end of Enh for in , as inconstant, in¬ 
complete, in complete,, incognito ; under Emsi, for mis-, as in misconduct, miscompute • 
under or through Nem, for non-, as in non-committal, non-conducting. 

















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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 42* 

that separates them from us, in less than one hundred years. Such, 
then, is the distance at which the naked eye can perceive physical 
objects. 

But what do we learn, when we bring to our assistance the telescope ? 
Let us take the great telescope of Lord Rosse, and direct its colossal 
tubes towards the Milky Way; behold the unnumbered suns, whose light 
now streams down the “ steep of heaven,” with such intensity as to af¬ 
fect our visual organs. Where hundreds only were visible to the naked 
eye, thousands now burst upon our astonished vision, as so many bright 
and shining points on the “ azure bosom of night ” If the distance of 
those that are just visible to the naked eye is so great, what must we 
say of the distance of those which are barely to be seen with the help of 
Lord Rosse’s great reflector ! This great instrument will penetrate into 
space at least three hundred times as far as the naked eye. Multiply 
this number by one hundred, the number of years required for the 
passage -of light from the most distant stars visible to the naked eye, 
and we obtain thirty thousand years for the passage of light from the 
more remote stars seen by means of Lord Rosse’s great telescope. 
Twenty-nine thousand years ago, then, these distant suns might have 
ceased to exist, and they would still have a thousand years to glimmer 
as bright specks on our nocturnal sky! 

Let us stop for one moment and reflect on the magnitude of that zone 
of stars that we call the Milky-Way. Did you ever examine it? It 
goes completely around the heavens. Astronomers tell us that our 
earth -this little ball of matter upon which we dwell, and which we are 
told is under the special care of the Deity - makes annually a revolution 
around one of the suns of this starry zone. All the brighter stars of the 
firmament belong to this cluster. How mighty, how august, how in¬ 
comprehensible is this one duster , this starry stratum,this island universe 
of ours ! We are not in the center of it. 


Notes and Questions.- 1st 1. * naked.’ d is here added by shortening in accord¬ 
ance with 220... .2d 1. * physical ’=fizikal. kl are here expressed by the bi’iefest 

sign, Kel. 166, b and c_3d 1. ‘bring.’ Where are all first-place vowels written 

when occurring between two strokes? 105-4th 1. ‘unnumbered.’ How are de- 

I rivative word-signs formed ? p. 142, R. 6. Remember that part of what consti¬ 
tutes a word-sign is its position, and that the position is unchanged when the 
I formative is prefixed or affixed, 261, R. 2.... 6tli 1. ‘ hundreds.’ There is no prin- 
i ciple interfering with the expression of both d’s of this word by halving, and 
securing a briefer form than the old one, En-Dreds... .7th 1. ‘penetrate.’ The 
Old form for this word, Pee-En-Tret, was unnecessarily long... .10th 1. ‘ required.’ 
How are angles written so as to be read between the consonants of an Ei-hook or 
Ar-hook sign ? 169, 4. 















48* KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

Ill some parts the larger telescopes are able to penetrate through and 
see the blue etherial space beyond, which intervenes between our system 
of suns and the next neighboring system. But in other parts the most 
powerful telescopes which have yet been brought to bear, can not sound 
the farther extremity. Poise yourself, then, for one moment, on the 
farthest extremity of the Milky-Way, and then dart with the rapidity of 
light, and at least forty thousand years must pass before you could reach 
the opposite limit. Such is the vastness of our starry cluster. 

But I have only told you of one system of suns—that to which we be¬ 
long ; very extensive, without doubt equaling, and perhaps surpassing, 
any other with which the astronomer is acquainted ; but yet it is but one 
among the vast systems of the universe of God. Launch out into space, 
and travel up the streams of light which feebly affect your visual organs 
through your great telescopes, and behold! What do you find ? Dimly 
at first, the light breaks upon you; but as it increases, you exclaim, 
“Another cluster, another stratum of suns, a Milky-Way so far re¬ 
moved from our minute sphere that it only appears as a faint patch of 
light on the blue canopy that the God of Nature has spread over us! ” 

The astronomer discovers in various parts of the heavens thousands 
of these clusters and nebulse. Each of these is to be regarded 
in the same light as the Milky-Way -as a cluster of suns far removed 
from, our siderial system. To those who inhabit the planets which re¬ 
volve around one of the suns situated in any of those clusters, their 
starry stratum would appear to encircle the whole heavens, as our Milky- 
Way does here. The suns of the universe seem to be collected into clus¬ 
ters, or systems, in this manner. The principle of gravitation renders 
it necessary that all these suns should have a motion; and hence we 
conclude that, besides the motion of the stars among themselves, around 
the center of gravity of their own particular. 


Notes and Questions. —1st 1. ‘ parts.’ As Pret is the briefest sign for Part and 
does not conflict with vocalization or with principles of legibility, it should be 

used instead of the Old outline,.Pee-Ret 2d 1. ‘ intervenes.’ ji. 113, R. 10_3d 

1. ‘Which have.’ 201, R. 4. ‘brought.’ This brief formconflicts with no principle 
of phonographic orthography. In Standard Phonography as in the Old Phonog¬ 
raphy, the curves for l, r, to, n are shortened simply to add t, and shortened and 
widened to add d. Excepting Yay, Way, Euip, Ing (which are not shortened, be¬ 
cause they would conflict with Eld, Ard, Med, and Ned), all other consonant 
strokes are shortened in Standard Phonography, to add either T or D, while, in 
the Old Phonography, excepting also the "Way-hook signs, T was added by halv¬ 
ing to only light and D to only heavy signs. The Standard-Phonographic rule of 
halving reduces to regularity hundreds of words which were exceptions to the Old 
rule, and enables the writer to avail of the advantage of halving in numerous 
instances where the Old phonographers were deterred by a fancied danger. 

















































KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 44* 

system, the systems themselves must have a motion around their own cen¬ 
ter of gravity. What now can be the distance of these starry clusters ? We 
can only give their probable distance. Four stars whose light is blended 
into one can be seen at twice the distance of one star. Suppose, then, 
that Lord Rosse looks directly onto ten thousand stars in one of the 
faintest and most distant clusters. It would be one hundred times the 
distance of a single star that is, it would require light three millions 
of years to come from that locality to our earth. David Trowbridge. 


TIIE RIVER. 

River ! River 1 little river ! 

Bright you sparkle on your way ; 

O’er the yellow pebbles dancing, 

Through the flowers and foliage glancing, 
Like a child at play. 

River I River ! swelling river I 
On you rush o’e’r rough and smooth ; 
Louder, faster, brawling, leaping 
Over rocks, by rose-banks sweeping. 

Like impetuous youth. 

River ! River 1 brimming river ! 

Broad, and deep, and still as time : 
Seeming still, yet still in motion, 

Tending onward to the ocean. 

Just-like mortal prime. 

River! River ! rapid river ! 

Swifter now you slip away ; 

Swift and silent as an arrow, 

Through a channel dark and narrow, 

Like life’s closing day. 

Mrs. Southey. 

















45 * KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


TELE’S ADDRESS TO THE MOUNTAINS. 

Ye crags and jjeaks, I'm with you once again ! 

I hold to you the hands you first beheld, 

To show they still are free. Methinks I hear 
A spirit in your echoes answer me. 

And bid your tenant welcome to his home. 

Again ! O sacred forms, how proud you look ! 

How high j r ou lift your heads into the sky ! 


Notes and Questions. —1st 1. ‘ crags.’ The k and r are quickest expressed by Ker. 
The final s, as usual, is expressed by the briefest sign, Iss. What is the rule for 
writing a before Gay, instead of after Ker ? 105, 2, ‘ I’m ’ is written with Em vo¬ 
calized with 1, to distinguish it from I am, Petoidi-Em_2d 1. ‘ first.’ The sign 

for First will be seen to be Steli‘ 2 , representing the last two consonants of the 

word. 237_3d 1. ‘still.’ 67. It should be observed that the brief consonant- 

signs (Iss, Steli, brief Way and Yay) do not, as to reading, follow any special rule, 
or one different from that applied to stroke-signs ; for as the stroke first made 
reads before the following consonant (with its vowel or vowels, if any), so does a 
brief sign read before a stroke (and its vowel) to which it is PREfixed. Again, also, 
as a stroke (with its vowels, if any) reads before an added stroke, so docs a 
stroke (with its vowels, if any) read before a brief consonant-sign AFfixed. 
































KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 46* 

How huge you are ! bow migbty and bow free ! 

Ye are tbe things tliat tower, that shine—whose smile 
Makes glad—whose frown is terrible—whose forms. 

Robed or unrobed, do all the impress wear 
Of awe divine. Ye guards of liberty ! 

I'm with you once again. I call to you 
With all my voice ! I hold my hands to you. 

To show they still are free. I rush to you, 

As though I could embrace you ! 

II. 

Once more I breathe the mountain air ; once more 
I tread my own free hills ! My lofty soul 
Throws all its fetters off; in its proud flight, 

’Tis like the new-fledged eaglet, whose strong wing 
Soars to the sun it long has gazed upon 
With eye undazzled. O ! ye mighty race 
That stand like frowning giants, fixed to guard 
My own proud land, why did ye not hurl down 
The thundering avalanche, when at your feet 


Notes and Questions .—1st 1. 4 mighty.’ Why must t in Mighty be expressed by 
Tee, instead of by shortening? Ans . Because a vowel follows, which could not be 

expressed after t denoted by shortening. 220, b, 1. Ortb., § 3, 1.2d 1. How 

should two concurrent vowels be written when they cannot be conveniently di¬ 
vided between two strokes ? 109. ‘ shine.’ As no vowel follows the n, there is 

nothing to prevent its being expressed in the briefest way, namely by a hook. 
Observe that generally when a sound has more than one sign, the briefest sign 
is used if it can be without interfering with vocalization or some other principle of 
phonographic orthography. ‘ whose.’ If the Old phonograph}' had had, as Stand¬ 
ard Phonography has, a rule for the formation of derivative word-signs (p. 112, R. 5), 
T Those would have been written Jedsoid 2 (i. e., Who, Jedoid 2 , with the formative z 
added by Iss, the briefest sign), instead of Zees. ‘ smile. As no vowel precedes s, 
it should be written with its briefest signs, Iss... .3d 1. ‘ makes.’ Why should a 
be written alter Em instead of before Kay ? 105. ‘ glad.’ The briefest expression 

of l is by the El-hook, which every principle permits here ; and d may be added 
to Gel by shortening, since no vowel follows, ‘frown.’ The briefest sign for 
the consonants of this word is Fren, and as this iiermits the insertion of 
the vowel (ou), it should be used. ‘ terrible.’ A briefer expression would be 
Ter-Bel; but as Ter would be an inconvenient beginning for Terrify (Tee-Ray-Ef) 
and Terror (Tee-Ray-Ray), Tee-Ray-Bel is used, which is analogous to the most 
convenient forms for Terror and Terrify. Orth. § 0 ; § 4, 3 ; § 5, 2. ‘ forms.’ The 

briefest expression of Form is Fer-Em ; it complies with the second requirement 
of vocalization (Orth., § 3, 2), and the requirements of legibility, and is therefore 
the best form. All the derivatives, as Deform, Reform , Perform , Inform , Uniform , 
and Transform , may be written analogously. 


















47* KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

The base usurper stood ? A touch—a breath. 

Nay, eveu the breath of prayer, ere now, has brought 
Destruction on the hunter’s head ; and yet 
The tyrant passed in safety. God of Heaven ! 

Where slept thy thunderbolts ? 

Ill 

O Liberty ! 

Thou choicest gift of heaven, and wanting which 
Life is as nothing ; hast thou then forgot 
Thy native home? Must the feet of slaves 
Pollute this glorious scene ? It can not be. 

Even as the smile of heaven can pierce the depths 
Of these dark caves, and bid the wild flowers bloom 
In spots where man has never dared to tread ; 

So thy sweet influence still is seen amid 

These beetling cliffs. Some hearts still beat for thee, 

And bow alive to heaven ; thy spirit lives. 

Aye, and shall live, when even the very name 
Of tyrant is forgot. 


Notes and Questions. - 1st 1. * stood.’ The briefest sign for Stand is Iss-Tend, aud 

analogy requires the briefest expression of Stood, Iss-Ted, instead of Steh-Dee_ 

4th 1. ‘ past.’ Peest can bo easily vocalized for Passed, and this form should be used 
instead of the longer Pees-Tee. ‘ safety.’ The t of this word can not be expressed 
by halving, because the final vowel could not then be written. 220, b, 1 ; Orth., 
3 _ i_9th 1. ‘ is as.’ How may any circle-signword be added to word-signs, ter¬ 
minating with Iss? to those not terminating with Iss ? p. 142, R. 7_10th 1. 

‘ native.’ How is -five usually written where it cannot be added by a Tiv-liook ? p. 
119, R. 9. * slaves.’ Why is a written after Slay instead of before Vees ? 105, 1... lltli 
1. ‘glorious. How mayia, ia, io, iu, etc, be written ? Ans. Either by the separate 
signs of the vowels, in accordance with 109, or, to save making two vowel-signs, 
by the similar ya, ya, yo, yu, etc. 136.12th 1. * depths.’ Why is e written be¬ 

fore Pee instead of after Dee? 105,2 13th 1. ‘bloom’ Why is oo written be¬ 
fore Em instead of after Bel? 105,2 14th 1. ‘dared.’ Why is a (= ae) written 

after Dee instead of before Ax’d ? 105,1... .17th 1. ‘ lives.’ Why is I written after 
Lay instead of before Vees ? 105,1. Whei’e are all first-place vowels written when 
occuring between two strokes?-18th 1. ‘name.’ Why is a written after En in¬ 

stead of before Em ? 105, 1. Wliei’e ai’e all long second-place vowels written 
when occurring between two strokes ? 



















* > 












KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 48 * 

Lo ! while I gaze 

Upon the mist that wreathes yon mountain’s brow. 

The sun beam touches it, and it becomes 
A crown of glory on his hoary head ; 

O ! is not this a presage of the dawn 
Of freedom o’er the world ? Hear me, then, bright 
And beaming heaven ! While kneeling thus I vow 
To live for Freedom, or with her—to die ! 

IV. 

0 ! with what pride I used 
To walk these hills, and look up to my God, 

And bless him that ’twas so. ’Twas free,— 

From end to end, from cliff to lake, ’twas free,— 

Free as our torrents are, that leap our rocks. 

And plow our valleys, without asking leave, 

Or as our peaks, that wear their caps of snow. 

In very presence of the regal sun ! 

How happy was I in it then ! I loved 
Its very storms ! Yes, I have sat and eyed 


Notes and Questions. —1st 1. ‘ gaze.’ What is the Corresponding Style rule of 

position for words composed of horizontal consonants only? 52_2d 1. ‘ mist.’ 

Why is this word written above the line, or in the first position ? * wreathes.’ 
What is the Corresponding-Style rule of position for words having a perpendicu¬ 
lar or sloping letter ? 53. The object of the rule with reference to such words is 
to secure lineality of writing. As the lineality of longhand writing would be 
injured by commencing the first portion of a script Tupon the line, and allow¬ 
ing the descending portion to run below the line, so would the lineality of 
phonographic writing be marred if, in writing such an outline as Em-Cliay, you 
were to write Em ou the line, requiring Chay to descend below the line. Hence, 
in Phonography, as in longhand, the horizontal portions should be so written 
that the first perpendicular or sloping portion of the word or letter shall rest 
upon the line. But let it be observed that these rules (52 ; 53) apply to other 
outlines than word-signs and contractions, which follow nearly the reporting 
rule of position. Read carefully § 54.6tli 1. ‘freedom.’ What is the Corres¬ 

ponding-Style rule of position applying to words whose first perpendicular or 
inclined stroke is a shortened letter? 219. Why is Freedom written in the first 
position? ‘ bright.’ Why is this word written in the first position ? Study and 
master these rules of position. 











KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


I 49* 

Tlie thunder breaking from his cloud, and smiled 
To see him shake his lightnings o’er my head. 

And think I had no master save his own ! 

Ye know the jutting cliff, round which a track 
Up hither winds, whose base is but the brow 
Of such another one, with scanty room 
For two abreast to pass ? O’ertaken there 
By the mountain blast, I’ve laid me flat along. 

And while gust followed gust more furiously. 

As if to sweep me o’er the horrid brink, 

And I have thought of other lands, where storms 
Are summer flaws to those of mine, and just 
Have wished me there—the thought that mine was free, 
Has checked that wish, and I have raised my head, 

And cried in thralldom to that furious wind, 

Blow on ! this is the land of Liberty ! Knowles . 


Notes and Question. —1st 1. ‘ thunder.’ Thend-Ray is the briefest outline for 
this word, is easily vocalized, and all its derivatives and compounds may readily 
be made from it. ‘ breaking.’ Why is a written after Ber instead of before Kay ? 
105, 1. What is the sign for 4ng? ‘ from his.’ 244, R. 3, 5 ; p. 142, R. 7 2d 1. 
‘ I had.’ I is here brought down a little from its natural position, so that Had 
may be written in its position. 240, 1....4th 1. ‘round.’ Orth., 5, R. 1 and 3. 
Read carefully, ‘a track.’ Why is a written before Kay instead of after Ter? 105, 
2. Where are all third-place vowels written when occurring between two strokes? 
Ter-Kay being the briefest outline for this word, and conflicting witn no princi¬ 
ple of Phonographic Orthography, must be taken as the best outline. See exam¬ 
ples of Phonographical parsing in the Orthographer, Part Y. of the Hand-Book 

_5th 1. ‘ brow.’ 240, 2-0th 1. “ room.’ Why is do written before Em and not 

after Ar? 105, 2_Where are all third-place vowels written when occurring be¬ 
tween two consouants?-7th 1. ‘along.’ 150, 2.0th 1. ‘as if.’ If\ most de¬ 

pending upon its position for legibility, As is adapted to that position. 240, 4. 

‘sweep.’ 117,3-Last line. ‘This is the land of liberty.’ “People of foreign 

countries may say to us—well may they say it—the tree of liberty has been 
planted on American soil, and if the government only lasts, its branches will 
spread, and it will bear fruit which will be plucked by every human being, until 
each and all shall have tasted the sweets of liberty, and shall sing some joyous 
song that they, too, are a free and independent Government, ruled by no kings, 
monarchs, autocrats, emperors, or czars.”—Maj.-Gen. John A. Logan, at Duquoin, 
III., July 31, 1803. 


























50 


^Nature iHrourjTi--il\e JYlicroscope_ 

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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 50 * 


NATURE THROUGH THE MICROSCOPE. 

The larger forms of animals, such as are daily presented to us, seem 
comparatively limited, and we easily comprehend the reason. If they 
were very numerous, so must be their means of subsistence. But as 
only a certain amount of subsistence can be gleaned from a square mile, 
under the most favorable conditions, and that amount is not large, the 
existence of the larger forms comprises extremely limited numbers. 
But when we descend to entomology and conchology, we are confused 
with the almost innumerable diversities of species and variety. Of the 
beetle, alone, there have been ascertained to he no less than 30,000 
branches. 

Lyonnet, a French naturalist, spent several years in examining a sin¬ 
gle insect, and left the work unfinished, thus showing the exceeding deli¬ 
cateness of the structure. In the body of an insect, about an inch in 
length, M. Straus, has enumerated 306 plates, composing the struct¬ 
ure of the outer envelope; 496 muscles, for putting these plates in 
motion ; 24 pairs of nerves to animate them, and 48 pairs of tracheae or 
breathing organs, equally ramified and divided, to convey the air and 
sustenance to this complicated tissue. 

We regard the common house-fly as a contemptible insect, hut how im¬ 
portant an object of study its structure is, can be learned from fhe fact 
that its eye is one of the most singular and curiously constructed mir¬ 
rors that science has as yet invented, or study discovered. The lenses 
in its eyes are numbered at six or seven thousand ; in the eye of the 
dragon-fly, 17,000. 

The house-fly’s wing has a power of 600 strokes in a second, which 
can propel it thirty-five feet, while the speed of a swift race-horse is but 
ninety feet per second. 


Notes and Questions. —1st 1. ‘presented.’ Ted or Ded ending a past tense ora 
past participle does not require vocalization. 239, R. 2. b. 

8th 1. ‘Leona.’ What is the phonographic sign for accent? 79. ‘ naturalist.’ In 
accordance with the rule for forming derivative word-signs, El is added to Net 2 
for Natural, and Steh to Natural, to add the formative, -ist, of Naturalist, p. 142, 
R. 5. 

4th 1. from bottom. ‘ has as.' p. 142, R. 7, b. 

I__Z_- 














51 * 


KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


The beauty of the butterfly is proverbial, but how much more intense 
should be our admiration when we learn that it is a thing of 34,000 eyes, 
and that on a single wing there have been found one hundred thousand 
scales. The wings of many insects are of such extreme tenuity, that 
fifty thousand of them placed over each other, would hot compose the 
thickness of a quarter of an inch; and yet thin as they are, each is 
double, so that the actual laminae here would be one hundred thousand. 

We often see in pools of water, small bits of elongated straw and 
wood, seemingly having the power of motion. With what interest has 
science invested these, when we find that each elongated tube is the 
home of a caddice worm, which is ultimately to become an insect or fly, 
such as the ephemeron fly. These worms are exposed to the ravages of 
birds and fishes, and hence they glue together small bits of wood and 
straw to make a house for shelter; and when the frail castle is too 
buoyant, they add a piece of gravel to preserve the balance, in order 
that the castle shall not be burdensome nor too buoyant. 

We regard the web of the common spider as the trifling product of a 
disgusting insect, but it is an object of intense curiosity when we reflect 
that each thread is composed of four thousand filaments, and that four 
millions of these filaments would not make a cord thicker than a single 
hair of a man’s head. Anmymous. 


The ostrich will run swifter than the fleetest horse. Some birds can 
dart against, and through, the adverse serial currents, and will make 
nearly two miles per minute, showing that they might, if kept in one 
course, encompass the earth in less time than is required for a fast 
steamer to cross the Atlantic. 


Notes and Questions.— 1st 1. ‘beauty.’ Why must the t be expressed by Tee in¬ 
stead of by halving ? 220, b, 1 ; Orth 3, 1. ‘ proverbial.’ ya is here used by license 

for ia 136-10th 1. ‘ glue.’ u is here joined in accordance with 240, 2. How 

should * glues be written ? 240, R.14th 1. ‘ curiosity.’ yo is here used for io. 

136. ‘ reflect.’ Why cannot the t of this word be expressed by halving ? 217 and 

R-15th 1, ‘of these.’ By elevating Of a little from its usual position. These 

is brought into its natural position, and thus Of these, is distinguished from Of 
this and Of those. 246, 1. ‘would not.’ Would, in accordance with the usual rule 
of phrase-position, determines the position here, and hence Not is brought out 
of its separate position. 245. 



















51 


- ? 


' .. 

^ ';■ "' • : - 1 ^ •» , ( ■ -— --. •> ^ ^ 

vlr- G . * ;is ^- p v v- 0 ~n ~ V, ~ . 

^ k - ™ ^ V ^ Uj. , ( so 

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• ' ) y L • V- ) <■->.. v w - t. 

v ---- ^ ^ ^ *- ' C~, r.l , 

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A k ' - ^ T,' ^ 

^ , / -U> A x L ^ 

( ^ ^ - v - -1 ^ A A V_ _/o . ^ Y 

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< Sy ~ ^ ' 

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— —ft , ( -/ 5 -. ° \ ' 4 , <U ,X- 

^ ^ ^rv_ C__ _ / — Y " 1 


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^ s x ~\j,^> 




l A 


--C- 


I X -- J-\ «onymi>U5 . 


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• lr^ V^ 


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<~fx> y S -""T A ^-'n/ 

V 


- ^ — l> -», D , 

A ■ J ' l -~ ^ 

r~M~_ 
































































KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 52 * 


SELF-CULTURE. 

“ Every person has two educations ; one which he receives from others, and I 
one, more important, which he gives to himself.”— Gibbon. 

Self-culture includes the education cr training of all parts of a man’s j 
nature, the physical and moral, as well as the intellectual. Each must 
be developed, and yet each must yield something to satisfy the claims 
of the others. Cultivate the physical powers exclusively, and you have 
an athlete or a savage ; the moral only, and you have an enthusiast or 
a maniac ; the intellectual only, and you have a diseased oddity, it may 
be a monster. It is only by wisely training all three together that the 
complete man can be formed. 

The ancients laid great stress on physical training, and a sound mind j 
in a sound body was the end which they professed to aim at in their 
! highest schools of culture. The Greek teachers were peripatetic, hold 1 
ing that young men should only learn what they could learn standing. 

But while it is necessary, in the first place, to secure this solid founda¬ 
tion of physical health, it must also be observed that sustained applica¬ 
tion is the inevitable price which must be paid for mental acquisition 
of all sorts ; and it is as futile to expect them without it, as to look for ; 
a harvest where the seed has not been sown. The road to knowledge is 
free to all who will give the labor and the study requisite to gather it ; 
nor are there any difficulties so great that the student of resolute purpose 
may not effectually surmount and overcome them. It was one of the 
characteristic expressions of Chatterton, that God had sent his creatures 
into the world with arms long enough... 


I This entire article on Self-Culture will repay a thoughtful perusal. Its incul 
cations of Thoroughness, Accuracy, and Application should be observed by pho¬ 
nographic studepts ; and let it be remembered by the self-educator, that Phonog- 
: raphy once learned is a valuable aid in self-improvement. Aud to those who 
! view Phonography simply as a mean s of money-getting, there is commended 
! the chapter on ‘ Low View of Knowledge.’ Generally, knowledge best rewards 
j her sincere devotee. A selfish purpose is not as powerful as love of knowlege for 
itself. 















53 * KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

ta reach anything if they choose to be at the trouble. In study, as in 
business, energy is the great thing. There must be the “ fervet opus ”— 
we must not only strike the iron while it is hot, but strike it till it is made 
hot. The proverb says : “He who has heart has everything,” che non 
arde nm incende , who doth not burn doth not inflame. It is astonish¬ 
ing how much may be accomplished in self-culture by the energetic 
and the persevering, who are careful to avail themselves of opportuni¬ 
ties, and use up the fragments of spare time which the idle permit to 
run to waste. Thus Ferguson learned astronomy from the heavens 
while wrapped in a sheepskin on the highland hills. Thus Stone learned 
mathematics while working as a journeyman gardener; thus Drew- 
studied the highest philosophy in the intervals of cobbling shoes; thus 
Miller taught himself geology while working as a day-laborer in a 
quarry. By bringing their minds to bear upon knowledge in its various 
aspects, and carefully using up the very odds and ends of their time, men 
such as these, in the very humblest circumstances, reached the highest 
culture, and acquired honorable distinction among their fellow-men. 

Sir Joshua Reynolds was so earnest a believer in the power of industry, 
that he held that all men might achieve excellence if they would but 
exercise the power of assiduous and patient working. He held that 
drudgery was on the road to genius, and that there were no limits to the 
proficiency of an artist except the limits of his own painstaking. He 
would not believe in what is called inspiration, but only in study and 
labor. “Excellence,” he said, “is never granted to man but as the 
reward of labor.” “If you have great talents, industry will improve 
them ; if you have but moderate abilities, industry will supply their defi¬ 
ciency. Nothing is denied to well-directed labor; nothing is to be ob¬ 
tained without it.” Sir Fowell Buxton, who labored in a very different 
field, was an equal believer. 


Notes and Questions.— 5tli 1. ‘ energetic.’ The accented vowel of this word be¬ 
ing second-place, it is written in the second position, that is, with the sloping 
letter resting on the line of writing. 219, 2. ‘ careful.’ How may the advanced 

writer add -ful or -fully to a full-length straight line? p. 119, R. S.6th 1. 

‘ spare. Why is Ar instead of Ray used in this word? 152, 2 ; Orth,, 5, R. 3, b. 
* idle.’ Del is the briefest expression of the consonants of this word, and permits 
the easy writing of i (the accented vowel) and the unaccented vowel is easily 
supplied. Dee-Lay is used as the outline of Idol, so as to permit the easy writ¬ 
ing of the second vowel in the derivative words. Idolatry, etc. See and carefully 
read Orth., 5, and R. land 4. 














53 





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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 54 * 

in the power of study ; and he entertained the modest idea that he could 
do as well as other men if he devoted to the pursuit double the time 
and labor that they did. He placed his great confidence only in ordi¬ 
nary means and extraordinary application. Genius, without work, is 
certainly a dumb oracle ; and it is unquestionably true, that the men of 
the highest genius have invariably been found to be among the most 
plodding, hard-working, and intent men, their chief characteristic 
apparently consisting simply in their power of laboring more intensely 
and effectively than others. 

Thoroughness aud Accuracy. 

Thoroughness and accuracy are two principle points to be aimed at in 
study. Francis Horner, in laying down rules for the cultivation of his 
mind and character, placed great stress upon the habit of continuous 
application to one subject for the sake of mastering it thoroughly, con¬ 
fining himself, with this object, to but a few books, and resisting with 
the greatest firmness “ every approach to the habit of desultory read¬ 
ing.” The value of knowledge to any man certainly consists, not in 
its quantity, but in the good uses to which he may apply it. Hence 
a little knowledge, of a perfect character, is always found more 
valuable for practical purposes than any extent of superficial learn¬ 
ing. The phrase in common use as to “ the spread of knowledge ” at 
this day is no doubt correct. But it is spread so widely, and in such thin 
layers, that it only serves to reveal the mass of ignorance lying beneath. 
Never, perhaps, were books more extensively read or less studied, and j 
the number is rapidly increasing of those who know a little of every¬ 
thing, but nothing well. Such readers have not inaptly been likened 
to a certain sort of pocket-knife which some people carry about with 
them, which, in addition to a common knife, contains a file, a chisel, a 
saw, a gimlet, a screw-driver, and a pair of scissors, but all so diminu¬ 
tive, that the moment they are needed for use they are found useless. 


Notes and Questions.— 1st 1. ‘ entertained.’ What is the sign for the prefix inter- ? 
228, 8. How may similar initial syllables be represented ? 223, R, 1. How may 
enter- be represented ? Many of the prefix signs are joined by the advanced 
writer, as is enter- in this word. p. 113, R. 10. ‘ modest.’ In order to use the j 

halving principle in this word, the unaccented vowel is omitted. 216, a -2d 

1. * pursuit.’ As Per-Es would not be so convenient a form for I’ursue as Pec-Ray - 
Es is, the derivative Pursuit, for analogy's sake, is written Pee-Ray-Stee, notwith¬ 
standing Pers-Tee would be quicker and would comply with principles of vocal¬ 
ization. Orth., § i, teaches that accordance with the laws of analogy is one of 
the requirements of speed. See Orth., 6. 












55 * 


KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


One of Ignatius Loyola’s maxims was, “ He who does well one work 
at a time, does more than all.” By spreading our efforts over too large 
a surface, we inevitably weaken our force, hinder our progress, and 
acquire a habit of fitfulness and ineffective working. Whatever a 
youth undertakes to learn, he should not be suffered to leave until he 
can reach his arms round it and clinch his hands on the other side. 
Thus he will learn the habit of thoroughness. Lord St. Leonards once 
communicated to Sir Fowell Buxton the mode in which he had conducted 
his studies, and thus explained the secret of his success. ‘ ‘ I resolved, 
when beginning to read law, to make everything I acquired perfectly 
my own, and never to go to a second thing till I had entirely accom¬ 
plished the first. Many of my competitors read as much in a day as I 
read in a week, but at the end of twelve months, my knowledge was as 
fresh as the day it was acquired, while theirs had glided away from 
recollection. ’ ’ Sir E. B. Lytton once explaining how it was that, while so 
fully engaged in active life, he had written so many books, observed, •* * I 
contrive to do so much by never doing too much at a time. As a gen¬ 
eral rule, I have devoted to study not more than three hours a day, and 
when Parliament is sitting, not always that; but then during those 
hours, I have given my whole attention to what I was about. 

Definite Objects in Study. 

It is not the quantity of study that one gets through, or the amount 
of reading that makes a wise man, but the appositeness of the study to 
the purposes for which it is pursued; the concentration of the mind, 
for the time being, upon the subject under consideration, and the habit¬ 
ual discipline by which the whole system of mental application is regu¬ 
lated. Abernethy was even of the opinion that there was a point of 
saturation in his own mind, and that if he took into it something more 
than. 


Notes and Questions. —1st 1. ‘ does * is here unnecessarily vocalized, for it is a 
derivative from Do (though the vowel is changed), and might properly be written 

by the sign for Do with the formative (z) added by Iss. p. 142, R. 5_7th 1. 

* everything ’ is written as though it were a phrase, as are many other com- | 
pound words, the first element of the compound determining the position, in 
accordance with 245. ‘ Entirely.’ Enteri was first given by the Hand-Book as a 
woi’d-sign for Entire. It was written variously in the Old Phonography : Ent- 
Ar, En-Tee Ar, but usually En-Tee-Ray ; and Entirely was usually written En- 
Tee-Ray-Lay or (in the earlier “ editions ”) Enti-Wer, the present Wer being then 
used for rl. The Hand-Book first showed how to have both Wer and Rel—the 
hook of the former, small, of the latter, large. 161, R. 2. 













0 


0 


55 


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l 




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a / . \ ^ 

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■-, SI ° V, 
i rfx.^.-^'r- o N ' OC^,^ 


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vj? 


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oJD x 


v - & 




■> 


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O'.-^-l-, V~°“ ° f, - ( -;. C 1-(;-^-, 

~ r-^> - ’ >-«” 

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x v~ £5 





^f_ < y* ' .£-? 


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Decision, Promplitude, and Confidence. 

^ ° "" D O "" Vj, * ’ n C_^ 

- x ^ N "- - \v. ..vY.v ,; 

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V— ' — 3 Tr-x. o.i\ e .vs../..r-3 _^<).<- 

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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 56 * 

it could hold, it only had the effect of pushing something else out. 
Speaking of the study of medicine, he said, “ If a man has a clear 
idea of what he desires to do, he will seldom fail in selecting the 
proper means of accomplishing it.” The most profitable study is 
that which is conducted with a definite and specific object, all obser¬ 
vation, reflection, and reading being directed upon it for the time 
being. By thoroughly mastering any given branch of knowledge, we 
render it much more available for use at any moment. Hence it is not 
enough merely to have books, or to know where to read up for infor¬ 
mation as we want it. Practical wisdom for the purposes of life must 
be carried about with us, and be ready for use at call. It is not suffi¬ 
cient that we have a fund laid up at home, but not a farthing in the 
pocket: we must carry about with us a store of the current coin of 
knowledge ready for exchange on all occasions, else we are apparently 
helpless when the opportunity for action occurs. 

Decision, Promptitude, and Confidence. 

Decision and promptitude are as requisite in self-culture as in busi¬ 
ness. The growth of these qualities may be encouraged by accustom¬ 
ing young people to rely upon their own resources, leaving them to 
enjoy as much freedom of action in early life as is practicable. Too 
much guidance and restraint hinder the formation of habits of self-help. 
They are like bladders tied under the arms of one who has not taught 
himself to swim. Want of confidence is perhaps a greater obstacle to im¬ 
provement than is generally imagined. True modesty is quite compat¬ 
ible with a due estimate of one’s own merits, and does not demand the 
abnegation of all merit. Though there are no doubt many conceited 
persons who deceive themselves by putting a false figure before their 
ciphers, the want of confidence, the want of faith in one’s-self, and, 
consequently, the want of promptitude in action, is a defect of charac¬ 
ter which is found to stand very much in the way of individual advance¬ 
ment. It has been said that half the failures in life arise from. 


Notes and Questions.— 1st 1. ‘ something ’ is written as though it were a phrase. 
245. Anything is Em-Ing, and, for distinction’s sake. Nothing is En-Ith-Ing (con¬ 
tracted in the Reporting Style to En-Ith). * medicine.' The second vowel is 
omitted here, in order to employ the halving principle. 216, a. ‘ has a.’ The 
same rule applies in joining the circle to a tick as in joining it to a stroke. 27... 
3d 1. ‘ profitable.’ The second vowel is here omitted to secure the use of halving. 

216, a. The Old form lor this word was Per-Fet-Bel-8th 1. ‘we must.’ We 

determines the position of the phrase. 245. So also in the word-signs, Werb We 
are; Well, We will; Wemi, We may. 












KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


I 57* 

l pulling in one’s horse while he is leaping. Dr. Johnson was accustomed 
to attribute all his success to confidence in his own powers. It is, 

I indeed, very often the case that the reason why so little is done, is be- 
| cause so little is attempted—that we do not succeed simply because we 
persist in standing in our own light. One step out of the way might 
help us, hut that one step we do not take. 

Application. 

There is no want of desire on the part of most persons at this day to 
arrive at the results of self-culture, but there is a great aversion to pay 
the inevitable price for it, of hard work. Dr. Johnson held that “impa¬ 
tience of study was the mental disease of the present generation ; ’ and 
the remark is still applicable. Labor is still, and ever will be, the in¬ 
evitable price set upon everything which is valuable. We must be satis¬ 
fied to work energetically with a purpose, and wait the results with 
patience. Buffon has even said of Patience that it is Genius ; the 
power of great men, in his opinion, consisting mainly in their power of 
| continuous working and waiting. All progress of the best kind is slow; 
but to him who works faithfully and in a right spirit, be sure that the 
reward will be vouchsafed in its own good time. ‘ 1 Courage and indus¬ 
try,” says Sharp, “must have sunk in despair, and the world must 
have remained unimproved and unornamented, if men had merely 
compared the effect of a single stroke of the chisel with the pyramid to 
he raised, or of a single impression of the spade with the mountain to 
be leveled.” We must continuously apply ourselves to right pursuits, 
and we cannot fail to advance steadily, though it may be unconsciously. 
By degrees, the spirit of industry, exorcised in the common forms of 
education, will be transferred to objects of greater dignity and more ex¬ 
tensive usefulness. And still we must work on, for the work of self¬ 
culture is never finished. “To be employed,” said the poet Gray, “is 


Notes and Questions. —7th 1. ‘disease.’ What is the vowel of Ses unvocalized? 

65. How may other vowels than 6 be indicated ? See * consist ’ in 10th 1. 

11th 1. ‘ in their.’ What words may be added by lengthening a curve ? 211_ 

14th 1. ' merely.’ A word-sign when it takes a formative to form a derivative, as 
Mere here takes Lay to form Merely, does not lose its primitive position, for upon 
that its legibility, in a great measure, depends. Merely is Jferi-Lay, and not 

Mer-Layi. 261, R. 2.15th 1. • effect.’ Why can not Kay after Ef be shortened 

to add t ? 217 and R. ‘ stroke.’ How is r implied in this word ? 171, 1... .2nd 1. 
from bottom, ‘usefulness.’ The Old form was Es3-Fel-Ens. The sign for -ful¬ 
ness originated with the Hand Book. 














o 


V- 



57 


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1 


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x l>, '" j ^ ^ ^ ~>, _ y- 

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/Ippli cal ion. 


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-V l 

■> y x 


/ > '"-f ) r tv. . .A .» 


y 

° r 


\ 


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r, vy yv -r \-y / 

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Self -Culture the Besi Cuihure 




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KEY TO THE FIRST READER, 58* 

to be happy." “It is better to wear out than rust out," said Bishop 
Cumberland. 

It is a mark of a short-sighted laborer to be impatient of growth. It 
must show itself in a sensible form, and almost at once, to satisfy him. 
Like little children, eager to see their seeds growing, he will pull his 
plants up to see what progress they are making, and so kill them. But 
man, who plants and sows, must wait in patience and in faith—faith in 
the bountiful spring, and summer, and autumn which will follow. He 
must sometimes even content himself with the thought that his child¬ 
ren shall enjoy the fruits. Some young men, in one of La Fontaine’s 
fables, ridicule an old patriarch of four score engaged in planting an 
avenue of young trees. The youths told him he would not live to see 
them as high as his head. “Well,” replied the aged worker, “what 
of that ? If their shade afford me no pleasure, it may afford pleasure 
to my children, and even to you, and, therefore, the planting of them 
affords me pleasure." 

Self-Culture the best Culture 

The highest and most effective culture of all resolves itself into self¬ 
culture. The education received at school and college is but a be¬ 
ginning, and is mainly valuable in so far as it trains us in the habit of 
continuous application, and enables us to educate ourselves after a definite 
plan and system. To enable the mind freely to exercise its powers, it 
I is necessary, even under the most thorough system of education, that 
; there should be occasional gaps for its free operation. Thus left in some 
j measure to find out what it can do and what it cannot do, it will gain 
i in strength and activity, and the evils arising from too entire depend- 
j ence on the teachings of others will be in a great degree avoided. Often 
the best education of a man is that which he gives himself while en¬ 
gaged in the active pursuits of practical life. The student at Trinity 
College, Dublin, who called upon one of his teachers,. 


Notes and Questions. —1st 1. ‘ to wear.’ Observe that the second-place heavy-dot 
in the use of the twelve-vowel scheme (47) represents two vowels—as ai in ail= 
al, and ai in air— aer. The different uses are distinguished the same as we dis¬ 
tinguish between the different uses, in the ordinary spelling, of a in ale and in 
care, of ai as in fail and fair, dairy= dari and fairy =is Bri. Our knowledge of 
words enables us to distinguish in these cases. So in Phonography. § 44 shows 
us how to distinguish between a and ae, e and e, a and a, or o and o, when one 
sign is used for the two vowels....2d 1. ‘it is a.’ 27, 4 applies to joining the 
circle in such a case as this, as when the two lines are consonant-signs, To turn 
| the circle on the right and write a backward is awkward ; or to the right, would 
imply an Ar-liook ; and Tees-Totoid, allowable when phrase-writing requires, is 
not so rapid as Tees-Ketoid. 


















59* 


KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


and told him that he was leaving the university because he had “ fin¬ 
ished his education,” was aptly rebuked by the remark of the professor, 
“Indeed! I am only beginning mine.” Putting ideas into one’s head 
will do the head no good, any more than putting things into a bag, 
unless it react upon them, make them its own, and turn them to ac¬ 
count. “ It is not enough, ” said John Locke, “to cram ourselves with 
a great load of collections ; unless we chew them over again, they will 
not give us strength and nourishment.” That which is put into us by 
others is always far less our own than that which we acquire by our 
own dilligent and persevering effort. Knowledge conquered by labor 
becomes a possession —a property entirely our own. A greater vivid¬ 
ness and permanency of impression is secured, and facts thus acquired 
become registered in the mind in a way that mere imparted informa¬ 
tion can never produce. This kind of self-culture also calls forth power 
and cultivates strength. The self-solution of one problem helps the mas¬ 
tery of another, and thus knowledge is carried into faculty. Our own 
active effort is the essential thing; and no facilities, no books, no 
teachers, no amount of lessons learned by rote, will enable us to dis¬ 
pense with it. Such a spirit infused into self-culture gives birth to a 
living teaching, which inspires with purpose the whole man, impress¬ 
ing a distinct stamp upon the mind, and actively promoting the form¬ 
ation of principles and habitudes of conduct. 

The best teachers have been prompt to recognize the importance of 
self-culture, and of stimulating the student early to accustom himself 
to acquire knowledge by the active exertion of his own faculties. They 
have relied more upon training than upon telling, and sought to make 
their pupils themselves active parties to the work in which they were 
engaged, thus making teaching something far higher than the mere 
passive reception of the scraps and details of knowledge. This was the 
spirit in which the great Dr. Arnold worked; he strove to teach his 
pupils to rely upon themselves,. 


Notes and Questions. —1st 1. ‘beginning.’ Why is a single subscript line re¬ 
quired to bo waved? 80-7th 1. ‘conquered.’ How may con=kong be repre¬ 
sented ? 228, R. l,e -8th 1. ‘ a possession.' Where, with reference to Eshon, does 

a vowel read when written either before or after ? Am. Before it. 197 ; 198, 1. 
Q. Then what is the purpose of writing a vowel after Eshon ? Am. To show that 
it is a second- or third-place vowel, as may be required ; while writing before 
signifies a first-place vowel. When Eshon is joined to a hook, there being but 
one place to write a vowel, vowels of whatever place have to be written there. 










o 


A 


59 


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JvnoLuledge ancf llTisJom 

































KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 60* 

and to develop their own powers; himself merely guiding, directing, 
stimulating, and encouraging them. “I would far rather,” he said, 
“send a boy to Yan Dieman’s Land, where he must work for his bread, 
than send him to Oxford to live in luxury, without any desire in his mind 
to avail himself of his advantages. ” “If there be one thing on earth, ” he 
observed on another occasion, 44 which is truly admirable, it is to see God’s 
wisdom blessing an inferiority of natural powers when they have been 
honestly, truly, and zealously cultivated.” Speaking of a pupil of 
this character, he said, “I would stand to that man hat in hand.” 
Once at Lalham, when teaching a rather dull boy, he spoke somewhat 
sharply to him, on which the pupil looked up in his face and said, 
“Why do you speak so angrily, sir? Indeed, I am doing the best I 
can.” Years afterward, Arnold used to tell the story to his children, 
and added, “I never felt so much in my life: that look and that 
speech I have never forgotten.” 

Knowledge and Wisdom. 

There is no more personal merit attached to the possession of natural 
superior intellectual powers than in the succession to a large estate. It 
is the use which is made of the one as of the other which constitutes the 
only just claim to respect. A great fund of knowledge maybe accumu¬ 
lated without any purpose, and though a source of pleasure to the 
possessor, it may be of little use to any one else. It is not mere literary 
culture that makes a man ; for it is possible to have read many books 
and waded through many sciences, and yet to possess no sound intel¬ 
lectual discipline ; while others, without scholastic culture, may, by the 
dilligent exercise cf their judgment and observation, have acquired em¬ 
inent mental vigor. 

An often quoted expression at this day is that “Knowledge is power,” 
but so also are. 


Notes and Questions. —1st 1. ‘guiding.’ Guide might be written with Ged, but 
as in reading unvocalized Phonography Guide and God if both were written Gedi, 
would be confusable, Guide is written Gay-Dee, and, of course, Guiding should 

be written analogously_9th 1. Ar is used for r following an initial vowel when , 

it can be conveniently written, and sometimes in derivative words, for analogy’s 
sake, even when Ray would be more convenient, as in Hereinto, Ar-En-Tee ; Hear - 
eth, Ar-Ith: but in primitive words, as Arnold, Arch, Arge, Arrange, Ray is used 
if more convenient than Ar for junction with the following letter. 













61* KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

fanaticism, and despotism, and ambition. Knowledge of itself, unless 
wisely directed, might merely make bad men more dangerous, and the 
society in which it was regarded as the highest good little better than 
a pandemonium. Knowledge must be allied to goodness and wisdom, 
and embodied in upright character, else it is not. Pestalozzi even held 
intellectual training by itself to be pernicious, insisting that the roots 
of all knowledge must strike and feed in the soil of the religious, 
rightly-governed will. The acquisition of knowledge may, it is true, 
protect a man against the meaner felonies of life ; but not in any degree 
against its selfish vices, unless fortified by sound principles and habits. 
Hence do we find in daily life so many instances of men who are well- 
informed in intellect, but utterly deformed in character, filled with the 
learning of the schools, and yet possessing little practical wisdom, and 
offering examples rather for warning than imitation. 

The possession of a library, or the free use of it, no more constitutes 
learning than the possession of wealth constitutes generosity. 'Jhe 
possession of the mere materials of knowledge is something very differ¬ 
ent from wisdom and understanding, which are reached through a higher 
kind of discipline than that of reading. 

“ Knowledge dwells 

In beads replete with thoughts of other men ; 

Wisdom, in minds attentive to their own. 

Knowledge, a rude unprofitable mass. 

The mere materials with which wisdom builds. 

Till smoothed and squared, and fitted to its place. 

Does but encumber whom it seems to enrich.” 

The multitude of books which modern readers wade through may 
produce distraction as much as culture,. 


Notes and Questions. —1st 1. * despotism.’ What vowel is omitted from this 

word ? A. i. Q. Why ? A. To allow of shortening to add t, 216, a; 239_2d ]. 

‘ highest.’ 146, R. 3-3d 1. ‘ must be.’ In what cases may t be omitted ? 236, 

3.Why, in this phrase, is be taken out of its separate position ? A. Because 

Must, in accordance with the general rule of phrase-position, determines the 
the position. 245. * goodness,’ a derivative word-sign, is formed, in accordance 

with the rule, by adding, by En-Iss, the formative -ness. p. 1. 145, R. 5. ‘em¬ 
bodied.’ Why is Ded written above the line? 219. 1_4th 1. ‘intellectual.’ 

What consonant is omitted from this word ? 236, 4. and example L. Give some 
other words from which l is omitted. A. Intelligent, Ent-Jent 2 ; Intelligence, Ent- 

Jens2 ; Knowledge, En-Jay 2 , i. e., Inte'j-ent, Inle’j-ence, No’j _11th 1. * constitutes.’ 

Why is this word written above the line? A. In accordance with 219, 1, its ac¬ 
cented syllable, con containing a first-place vowel. 















0 


61 



v ^ 



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7 




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A 








n A< x ■ sp ' v ° ~\ iP K -l., 

1 ^ - " J^_ C ___ < ' ~! « 



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•\ ti"A~ 







































































KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


62 * 


the process leaving no more definite impression upon the mind than 
gazing through the shifting forms of the kaleidoscope does upon the eye. 
Reading is often but a mere passive reception of other men’s thoughts, 
there being little or no active effort of the mind in the transaction, 
j Then how much of our reading is but the indulgence of a sort of liter¬ 
ary epicurism, or intellectual dram-drinking, imparting a grateful excite- 
j ment for the moment, without the slightest effect in improving and en¬ 
riching the mind or building up the character. Thus many indulge 
j themselves in the conceit that they are cultivating their minds, when 
| they are only employed in the humbler occupation of killing time, of 
which, perhaps, the best that can he said is that it merely keeps them 
I from doing worse things. 

Mr. Carlyle, when applied to by a young friend for advice as to the 
I books he was to read, wrote to him as follows : “ It is not by books alone, 

I nor by books chiefly, that a man becomes in all parts a man. Study to 
j do faithfully whatsoever thing in your actual situation, there and now, 

I you find either expressly or tacitly laid to your charge; that is your 
post; stand to it like a true soldier. A man perfects himself by work 
much more than by reading. They are a growing kind of men that 
can wisely combine the two things—wisely, valiantly can do what is 
laid to their hand in their present sphere, and prepare themselves 
withal for doing other wider things, if such lie before them.” 

It is also to be borne in mind that the experiences gathered from 
books, though often valuable, is but of the nature of learning , where¬ 
as the experience gained from actual life is of the nature of wisdom , 
and a small store of the latter is worth vastly more than any stock of 
the former. Lord Bolingbroke truly said that “ Whatever study tends 
neither directly nor indirectly to make us better men and citizens is at 
best but a specious and ingenius sort of idleness, and the knowledge we 
acquire by it only a creditable kind of ignorance and nothing more.” 


Notes and Questions.— 1st 1. process.” Why is not 6 written in the large circle ? 
A. Because the circle of itself represents a syllable ses, zes, sez, or zez containing 
the vowel 6. * kaleidoscope. ’ The unaccented vowel (239, 2) is omitted here, so 

that d may be expressed by shorteniug-2d 1. ‘of other men’s.’ Why is Of 

, here brought down from its separate position? A. So that Other may be in its 
I position. 24C), 1. ‘being.’ Why is it not necessary to vocalize this word? A. 
Because it is a derivative from the sign-word Be, and all that is required to make 
Being is to add to Bee 2 , for Be, the formative Ing. 










63 * KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

Useful and instructive though good reading may he, it is yet only 
one mode of cultivating the mind, and is much less influential than 
practical experience and good example in the formation of character. 
There were wise, valiant, and true-hearted men bred in England long 
before the existence of a reading public. Magna Charta was secured by 
men who signed the deed with their mark. Though altogether un¬ 
skilled in the art of deciphering the literary signs by which principles 
were denominated upon paper, they yet understood and appreciated, 
and boldly contended for the things themselves. Thus the foundations i 
of English liberty were laid by men who, though illiterate, were never¬ 
theless of the very highest stamp of character. And it must be admit¬ 
ted that the chief object of culture is, not merely to fill the mind "with 
other men’s thoughts, and to he the passive recipient of their impress¬ 
ions of things, hut to enlarge our individual intelligence, and render us 
more useful and efficient workers in the sphere of life to which we may 
he called. 

Discipline of Life and Action. 

It is not how much a man may know that is of so much importance 
as the end and purpose for which he knows it. The object of knowl¬ 
edge should be to mature wisdom and improve character, to render us 
better, happier, and more useful - more benevolent, more energetic, and 
more efficient in the pursuit of every high purpose in life. We must 
ourselves be and do, and not rest satisfied merely with reading and 
meditating over what other men have written and done. Our best light 
must be made life, and our best thought action. The humblest and 
least literate must train his sense of duty, and accustom himself to an 
orderly and diligent life. Though talents are the gift of nature, the 
highest virtue may be acquired by men of the humblest abilites, through 
careful self-discipline. At least we ought to be able to say, as Richter 
did, ‘ ‘ I have made as much out of myself as could be made of the stuff, 
and no man should require more. ” It is. 


Notes and Questions .—3d 1. ‘long.’ 156, 2. El is here used to avoid the augle 
which would be required with the use of Lay. But for that, Lay would be em¬ 
ployed, as usually, for initial Z. ...4tli 1. ‘altogether.’ In accordance with the 
permission of 229, the word sign for All is used for the prefix al~ ol in Altogether. 
This word was formerly written Bedoidi :Gay 2 , but there is nothing to prevent 
joining the letters. 229, R. 1. What is the position of word-signs when used as 
prefix-signs ? 229, R. 1. What one may be adapted to the position of the remain¬ 
der of the word ? 

_ 
















63 


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—^el-f'-Discipline a-nd Sel^-J^espec/t. 





































KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

every man's duty to discipline and guide himself, with God’s help, 
according to his responsibilities, and the faculties he is endowed with. 
Guided by the good example and the good works of others, we must 
yet rely mainly upon our own inward efforts, and build upon our own 
foundations. 

Self-Discipline and Self-Respect. 

Self-discipline and self-control are the beginnings of practical wisdom, 
and these must have their root in self-respect. Hope springs from it— 
hope, which is the companion of power, and the mother of success ; for, 
whoso hopes strongly has within him the gift of miracles. The hum¬ 
blest may say, “To respect myself, to develop myself—this is my true 
duty in life. An integral and responsible part of the great system of 
society, I owe to society and to its author not to degrade nor destroy 
my body, mind, nor instincts. On the contrary, I am bound to the 
best of my power to give those parts of my nature the highest degree of 
perfection possible. I am not only to suppress the evil, but to evoke 
the good elements in my nature. And as I respect my own nature, so 
am I equally bound to respect others, as they on their part are bound 
to respect me.” Hence mutual respect, justice, and order, of which law 
becames the written record and guarantee. 

Self-respect is the noblest garment with which a man may clothe 
himself the most elevating feeling with which the mind can be 
inspired. One of Pythagoras’s wisest maxims, in his Golden Verses, is 
that in which he enjoins the pupil to “ reverence himself.” Borne up 
by this high idea, he will not defile his body by sensuality, nor his 
mind by servile thoughts. This sentiment carried into daily life, will 
be found at the root of all the virtues — cleanliness, sobriety, chastity, 
morality, and religion. “The pious and just honoring of ourselves,” 
said Milton,. 


Notes and Questions. —2d 1. ‘guided.’ Why ia Ded of this word written in the 
first position, *. e., above the line? 219, 1. When the first or only sloping or 
perpendicular consonant of a word is half-length, where is that stroke written 
if the accented vowel of the word is first-place ? Where, if the accented vowel 
is second- or third-place ? .. .3d 1. Where should Bled for Build be written ? If 
above the liue, i. e., in the first position, why ? Whero should Bend for Bound 
be written ? If on the line, why ? Why should i-Est for Ilighestbe written above 
the line ? Why should Bend for Bend be written on the line ? Where should be 
written the first letter (Let) of Littlel Of Lately? 



















65 * KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

may be thought the radical moisture and fountain-head frcm whence, 
every laudible and worthy enterprise issues forth.” To think meanly of 
one’s self is to sink in one’s own estimation as well as in the estima¬ 
tion of others, and as the thoughts are, so will the acts be. A man can 
not live a high life who grovels in a moral sewer of his own thoughts. 
He can not aspire, if he look down ; if he will rise, he must look up. 
The very humblest may be sustained by the proper indulgence of this 
feeling, and poverty itself may he lifted and lighted up by self-respect. 
It is truly a noble sight to see a poor man hold himself upright amid 
all his temptations, and refuse to demean himself by low actions. 

Knowledge is Power 

It is not necessary that we should insist on the uses of knowledge as a 
means of ‘ ‘ getting on ” in life. This is already sufficiently taught by 
obvious self-interest; and it is beginning to be pretty generally under¬ 
stood that self-culture is one of the best possible investments of time and 
labor. In any line of life, intelligence will enable a man to adapt him¬ 
self more readily to circumstances, suggest to him improved methods of 
work, and render him more apt, skilled, and effective in all respects. 
He who works with his head as well as his hands, will come to look at 
his business with a clearer eye, and he will become conscious of in¬ 
creasing power, perhaps the most cheering consciousness the human 
mind can cherish. The power of self-help will gradually grow, and in 
proportion to a man’s self-respect will he be armed against the tempta¬ 
tion of low indulgences. Society and its action will be regarded with 
quite a new interest, his sympathies will widen and enlarge, and he 
will be directed to work for others as well as for himself. 


Notes and Questions. —1st 1. ‘modern.’ 239, 2....2d 1. ‘meanly.’ 239, 2. ‘esti¬ 
mation.’ Why does Est rest on the line ? 219, 2. ‘ of others.’ O/is here brought 
a little below its separate position, so that Others may also be in its position. So 
long as a word of the first-position is above the line of writing—that is, does 
not come down to the line—it is in the first position. This permits elevating 
and depressing a word of the first position so as to allow a following joined word 
to occupy its position also. Both words occupying their position, the phrase is 
more legible than it would be otherwise. But observe that it would not be con¬ 
venient to raise and depress such words as By, Beei, Each, Chayi, but only hori¬ 
zontal words, or dash or tick word-signs, as Bedoidi, All, Chetoidi, On. 246. 
The former signs, in their natural position, are too near the line to admit prac¬ 
tically of depression, and raising them sufficiently for any purpose of distinc¬ 
tion would be inconvenient, and destroy lineality of writing. 













65 


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KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


66 * 

Self-culture may not, however, end in eminence, such as we have 
briefly described in the numerous illustrious instances of self-raised in¬ 
dividuals above-cited. The great majority of men in all times, how¬ 
ever enlightened, must necessarily be engaged in the ordinary avoca¬ 
tions of industry, and no degree of culture which can be conferred upon 
the community will ever enable them—even were it desirable, which it 
is not—to get rid of the daily work of society, which must be done. 
But this, we think, may also be accomplished. We can elevate the 
condition of labor by allying it to noble thoughts, which confer grace 
upon the lowliest as well as the highest rank ; for, no matter how poor 
or humble a man may be, the great thinker of this and other days may 
come and sit down with him, and be his companion for the time, 
though his dwelling be the meanest hut. It is thus that the habit of 
well-directed reading may become a source of the greatest pleasure and 
self-improvement, and exercise a gentle coercion, with the most benefi¬ 
cent result, over the whole tenor of a man’s character and conduct. 
And even though self-culture may not bring wealth, it will, at all 
events, give us the good company of elevated thoughts. A nobleman 
once contemptuously asked of a sage, “ What have you got by all your 
philosophy ?” “At least I have got society in myself,” was the wise 
man’s reply. 

But many are apt to feel despondency, and to become discouraged in 
the work of self-culture, because they do net “get on” in the world 
so fast as they think they deserve to do. Having planted their acorn, 
they expect to see it grow into an oak at once. They have, perhaps, 
looked upon knowledge in the light of a marketable commodity, and 
are consequently mortified liecause it does not sell as they expected it 
would do. 


Holes and Questions. —1st 1. * self-culture.’ How might yu=yoo have been writ¬ 
ten otherwise than through Ter ? 169, 4. Why is it written through Ter ? * emi¬ 
nence.’ The briefest expression of the consonants of this word is Men-Ens; aud 
since this form fulfills all the other requirements of phonographic orthography, 
it must be taken as the best outline. The Old outline was Em-En-Ens. ‘ de¬ 
scribed.’ What consonant is omitted .n the engraved form of this word? 171, 

R. 3 ; 236, 4, Example R _16th 1. ‘and to.' The engraving here illustrates a 

theoretical, and what is generally an t asv practical distinction between Ticks and ; 
Dashes. A Dash is longer than a Tick. A good phonographer without apparent | 
effort distinguishes one from the other by length, though it is by no means 1 
necessary for legibility to do so. With the proper standard for a full length, you 
may readily distinguish from it the Half-Lengths, the Dashes (Quarter-Lengths) 
and the Ticks (Eighth-Lengths). 














G 7* • KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

Low View of Knowledge. 

To regard self-culture either as a means of getting past others in the 
world, or of intellectual dissipation and amusement rather than as a 
| power to elevate the character and expand the spiritual nature, is to 
place it on a very low level. It is doubtless most honorable for a man 
I to labor to elevate himself and to better his condition in society, but 
| this is not to he done at the sacrifice of himself. To make the mind the 
i mere drudge of the body is putting it to a very servile use ; and to go 
about whining and bemoaning our pitiful lot because we fail in achieve- 
ing that success in life, which, after all, depends rather upon habits of 
industry and attention to business details than upon knowledge, is the 
mark of a small, and often of a sour mind. Such a temper can not bet¬ 
ter be dealt with than in the words of Robert Southey, who thus wrote 
to a friend who sought his counsel: “I would give you advice if it 
could be of use, but there is no curing those who choose to be diseased. 
A good man and a wise man may at times be angry with the world, at 
times grieved for it, but be sure no man was ever discontented with the 
world, if he did his duty in it. If a man of education, who has health, 
eyes, hands, and leisure, wants an object, it is only because God Almighty 
has bestowed all those blessings upon a man who does not deserve 
them.” Samuel Smiles. 


The telescope of Galileo was but one inch in diameter, and magnified 
objects but thirty times. Yet with this small instrument, he discov¬ 
ered the face of the moon to be full of inequalities, like mountains and 
valleys ; the spots on the sun ; the phases of Venus ; the satellites of 
Jupiter ; and thousands of new stars in all parts of the heavens. It is 
said that the original telescope constructed by Galileo is still preserved 
in the British Museum. A pigmy, indeed, in its way, but the honored 
progenitor of a race of giants. Burritt. 


Notes and Questions.— 1st 1. ‘ intellectual.’ What consonant is omitted here? 
236, 4, Example L. Why is a put nearer El than yoo is ? 99. See * power' in 2d 

line-2 1. ‘spiritual.’ 221, R. 2; p. 142, R. 5-3d 1. ‘doubtless.’ Els is here 

used instead of Lays, in order to permit the insertion of ou. Orth 3, 2. This is 
a violation of Analogy for the greater requirement of Vocalization and Speed. In 
the Reporting Style, where the position (Detn) compensates for vocalization. Lays 
may be used for less in most other words. 












67 


\ ^ 


° a 


oui Yi ew oj' Knowledge _ 

^ 2 ^ ^ ' _. V .i).. -4 , 

s,' ^ t 1 ^ 

^ x x^_ * l j, <L % 4 /A v-x. 

~\ \X ij v ij)~ , l G —’>w 1^-.- 07 2a 14 

" 1 ' ^ • y "-;- - < 
-y.. V C ~'° C 5 v- ^ ■/' < -_L£> C-~, /, '-', 

\ %' ^.- To s Vr , '- 2 -- N v >' " 

, \a ”4 '’.'/ \/ \ G- <S 

N r.£- xi -, "s / _ r ° v 7 

•l*^- ->-. ■ 5 - — ~c~ <-v H 


^ V 


V 

j ^ ■) 2 . 


Ik \ 


r 12 , 


\ 


r 


, 2 . ^ 


2 


X ___ 


•U>, « Yl , *) , o , ./2 , 


<^_P 


A 


VI' 


\ ^ / L ( x 1 ’ — Samu el S miles — 


jz ) 


« 2 " 

I ' 


y 


V v 


~~7 IXa: \j , 30 2ox V L ^~X 2*, 

,vr,' ^ ' ^-,' V k»i' 

I 

°-r 


1 ,C 





























































key to the first reader. 


G8* 


A PRAYER IN SUMMER. 

Father, my sad soul is praying 
Its most fervent prayer 

Very soft—but TAou wilt hear it 
Part the perfumed air,— 

For I know by this great glory, 

Thou art everywhere 1 

All the beauty-clouds that hold Thee 
In their bosoms white— 

All the halo of the heavens. 

Circling Thee with light— 

Can not hide Thee, O my Father! 

From my tear-dimmed sight ;— 

For I see Thy greatness guiding 
All the lightning’s powers ; 

And Thy goodness , falling, falling, 

With the summer showers ; 

And Thy tenderness upgushing 
Through the bloom of flowers ;— 

And I can not help adoring,— 

Can not if I would ; 

And I can not cease to worship 
Such infinitude; 

And I can not chose but love Thee, 
Beautiful, all-good ! 

O, it seemeth I can never, 

Never love Thee more ! 

But 1 know I shall keep loving 
Better than before, 

Through the summers that are coming 
When this passeth o’er ; — 


Notes and Questions .—1st col., 2d 1. * fervent/ 239, It. 2. ‘prayer.’ Observe 
that the second-place heavy dot has here the sound of ai in air , i. e., precisely a 
(as in at) prolonged. Not that some do not say prar or praer (e being e pro¬ 
longed). But the general pronunciation for prayer, a supplication, is * praer,’ 
while prayer , a supplicant , is * praer.’ 





















69 * KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 

Through the blissful summers coming,— 
Even now so nigh,— 

I can almost see them blooming 
Through the purple sky,— 

I can almost see them blooming 
With my mortal eye. 

When these flowers turn pale with dying. 
And their leaves wax old, — 

When the slighting winter cometh. 

With its frost and cold,— 

Take me, take me, O, my Father, 

To the upper fold ! 

Send to me my sweet-browed angels. 
Through the amber door ; 

Let me hear their white feet patter 
O’er the star-gemmed floor ; 

I have heard them through my sobbing 
Many a time before,— 

Since they went away so happy, 

(O, those childhood times !) 

Since they went away so happy, 

Past the cliurcli-bell chimes, 

Through the crimson-flooded sunse 
To serener climes,— 

To the shore where grief’s black billows 
Never break and roll,— 

Where no canker-worm of sorrow 
Eats into the soul, 

Through the beating breast that bears it 
From its yearned-for goal. 


Father, I have grown so weary! 

I am sick with woe ; 

I would walk the quiet pathway 
Where the tired ones go, 

I would shut the door of amber 
On the dark—below ! 


IVotes. —1st col., f)th 1. * mortal.’ Since Mert-Lay is the briefest outline lor this j 
word, and Immortal also, and complies with other orthographic requirements, it 
must be adopted instead of the Old outline, Em-Ret El. See Examples of Ortho¬ 
graphical Parsing, in Phonographic Orthographer, § § 14 ; 15 ; 16. 


































70 



































KEY TO THE FIRST READER 


70 * 

I would sleep away my anguish, 

Buried deep in flowers ; 

I would wake among my angels, 

In Elysian bowers,— 

In the wild woods of the blessed. 

Far away from ours ! 

Kate E. I\ Hill. 


HONEST POVERTY. 

Is there, for honest poverty 
Wlia hangs his head, and a* that ? 

The coward slave, we pass him by ; 

We dare be poor for a’ that. 

For a’ that, and a' that, 

Our toils obscure, and a’ that, 

The rank is but the guinea stamp,— 

The man’s the gowd for a’ that. 

What though on hamely fare we dine. 

Wear lioddin gray, and a' that ; 

Gie fools their silks, and knaves their wine,— 
A man’s a man for a’ that. 

For a’ that, and a’ that, 

Their tinsel show, and a’ that ; 

The honest man, though e’re sae poor. 

Is king o’ men for a’ that. 

You see yon birkie ca’d a lord, 

Wha struts, and stares, and a’ that,— 

Though hundreds worship at his word. 

He’s but a coof for a’ that ; 

For a’ that, and a’ that, 

Ilis riband, star, and a* that ; 

The man of independent mind. 

He looks and laughs at a’ that. 


Notes and Questions.— 1st col., 9th 1. 4 obscure.’ What is implied by turning the 

circle on the right-hand side of Bee? 171, 3 ; 173-11th 1. ‘ man’s ’ Vocalized 

to show the Scottish pronunciation, namely, with a instead of a-2d col., 1st 1. 

‘elysian/ Why is the hook made heavy? 12th 1. ‘lie’s.’ If Hays were not 
vocalized, it would be read He is. 



























71* 


KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 


A prince can make a belted knight, 

A marquis, duke, and a’ that; 

But an honest man’s aboon his might,— 

Guid faith he mauuna fa’ that! 

For a’ that, and a’ that, 

Their dignities, and a’ that; 

The pith o’ sense, and pride o’ worth. 

Are higher ranks than a’ that. 

Then let us pray that come it may,— 

As come it will for a’ that,— 

That sense and worth, o’er a’ the earth. 

May bear the gree, and a’ that. 

For a’ that, and a’ that, 

It’s coming yet for a’ that,— 

When man to man, the warld o’er, 

Shall brothers be for a’ that! Robert Burns. 


WONDERFUL POWERS OF LANGUAGE. 

Common reading and writing - that is, in a word, the use of lan¬ 
guage as a system of visible and audible signs of thought —is the great 
prerogative of our nature as rational beings. When we have acquired 
the mastery of this system of audible and visible signs, we have done the 
greatest thing, as it seems to me, as far as intellect is concerned, which 
can be done by a rational man. It is so common that we do not much 
reflect upon it; but like other common things, it hides a great mystery 
of our nature. 

When we have learned how, by giving an impulse with our vocal 
organs to the air, and by making a few blank marks on a piece of paper, 
to establish a direct sympathy between our invisible and spiritual 
essence and that of other men, so that they can see and hear what is 
passing in our minds j ust as if thought and feeling themselves were 
visible and audible not only so, when in the same way we establish a 
communication between mind and mind in ages and countries the most 
remote, —we have wrought a miracle of human power and skill, which 
I never reflect upon without awe. The press, the electric telegraph, 
[and Phonography] are only improvements in the mode of communi¬ 
cation. The Avonderful thing is, that the mysterious significance of 
thought, the invisible action of spirit, can be embodied in signs and 
sounds addressed to the eye and ear. Edward Everett. 





































































KEY TO THE FIRST READER. 72* 


THE BETTER LAND. 

I hear thee speak of the Better Land, 

Thou callest its children a happy band. 

Mother ! O where is that radiant shore ? 

Shall we not seek it and weep no more ? 

Is it where the flower of the orange blows. 

And the fireflies dance through the myrtle bows ? 

Not there, not there, my child. 

Is it where the leathery palm-trees rise, 

And the date grows ripe under sunny skies ? 

Or midst the green islands of glittering seas. 

Where fragrant forests perfume the breeze. 

And strange bright birds, on their starry wings. 

Bear the rich hues of all glorious things ? 

Not there, not there, my child. 

Is it far away in some region old. 

Where the rivers wander o’er sands of gold. 

Where the burning rays of the ruby shine. 

And the diamond lights up the secret mine. 

And the pearl gleams forth from the coral strand,— 

Is it there, sweet mother—that Better Land ? 

Not there, not there, my child. 

Eye hath not seen it, my gentle boy. 

Ear hath not heard its deep songs of joy ; 

Dreams cannot picture a world so fair, 

Sorrow and death may not enter there ; 

Time does not breathe on its fadeless bloom ; 

Far beyond the clouds and beyond the tomb, 

’Tis there, ’tis there, my child. Mrs. Hemans . 


Concluding Advice .—If the pupil has read and copied several times each page of 
this Reader, he will be prepared to learn the Reporting Style, and may com¬ 
mence the study of the Second Reader, in accordance with its directions. The 
use of repeated reading and copying is to familiarize the forms both to the eye 
and hand. Until you have mastered the Art, give it some attention daily —at 
least, avoid long intermissions in your phonographic studies. Labor overcomes 
every obstacle . Persevere. 





































































































NOTES AND REFERENCES. 


Prefatory Remarks.- The First Standard-Phonographic Reader 
is designed for reading, after the pupil has studied the Compendium 
from § 1 to § 255, in connection with the Reading and the Writing 
Exercises of the Hand-Book. The present Reader is the third of a 
series of phonographic text-books which comprises the following 
works.— I. The Synopsis of Standard Phonography , presenting the gen¬ 
eral principles of the art, as a useful preparation for acquiring a minute 
and thorough knowledge of the art, by the study of—II. The Hand- 
Book of Standard or American Phonography , presenting in a scientific form 
the general principles of Phonography and classifying its particulars. 
Ill. The First Standard-Phonographic Reader , comprising many of the best 
selections of English literature, beautifully stereographed in the Cor¬ 
responding Style, with occasional illustrations, with interpaged key, 
and with notes and references. IV. The Second Standard-Phonographic 
Reader , stereographed in the Reporting Style, and accompanied by a 
Key, and by Notes and References. V. The Standard-Phonographic Dic¬ 
tionary , presenting the forms for about 60,000 words and about 60,000 
phrases ; being an invaluable work for the writer of either the Corres¬ 
ponding or the Reporting Style. These works, it is thought, furnish 
every desirable facility for the acquisition of a thoroughly practical 
knowledge of the useful, entertaining, and refining art of Phonetic Short¬ 
hand in its best form. They also lay a solid foundation for a Phono¬ 
graphic Literature which is being produced in the very best style, in 
respect of artistic execution ; and which, in respect of intellectual and 
moral character, will attract, inform, and improve the mind. 

In the following notes and references, please observe— 

1. That the double-line figures, at the left of the following pages 
(76 82), as 5, (), 7, 8, 9, on p. 76, refer to the engraved pages num¬ 
bered 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. 

2. That the small figures, (', 2 , n , etc.) corresponding to small figures 
near words in the engraved pages, are coupled with notes and references, 
the references unless otherwise specified, being to the Compendium, 
Part II of the Hand-Book ; as in page 76, the figures “ 1 117, 4 ” in 
“ Engraved Page 5 ” paragraph, signifies that, As to the word marked by 
the small figure 1 on the engraved “ p. 5.” See Hand Boole § 117, 4. 

If the student would make sure and rapid progress, let him make 
every indicated reference to the principles of the Hand-Book, though 
the same reference may have been made a hundred times previously. 


















FIRST STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC READER. 


7 G 

This frequent referring will impress the principles indelibly upon the 
memory 

When the Reader is read in class, the teacher should examine the 
pupils as to the principles involved in the exercise, somewhat as a 
grammar-class would be examined in syntactical principles. 

It is very desirable and useful, with a view to becoming a good pho¬ 
nographic penman, that portions of the Reader should be repeatedly 
copied by the student. 


Engraved 

Page >117,4. 2 60; 219, 1. 3 ‘hopes'—38, 2; p. 142, R. 5. 

Y 4 ‘who’ve’—201, R. 4. 5 ‘in their’—211. f ‘season’—65, b ; 
66, 3. 7 ‘ foretold ’—p. 113, R. 9, d. 


6 1 ‘and mine’—71; 246,2. 2 ‘profit’. 3 152, 2 , b. 4 ‘useful’ 
—p. 142, R. 5. 5 ‘ can be ’—242 ; 245. 6 ‘ you will ’—245 ; 244 } 

R. 3, (1). 7 ‘ ordinarily ’. 8 ‘ and how ’—71; 246, 2. 9 ‘ It is not the ’ 

—242; 245; 70. 10 ‘have not’—245. 11 ‘ a pitiful ambition, that of 

the omnivorous reader.’ 12 ‘ and who ’—71 ; 246, 2. 


1 ‘ a second-hand.’ 2 ‘being’—a derivative word-sign—p. 142, 
J R. 5. 3 ‘and be’—71; 246, 2. 4 ‘I do not’—103; 246, 1- 
5 ‘and those’—71; 246, 2. c ‘and thought’ —71; 246, 2. 7 ‘Haller.’ 

8 ‘ two-fold.’ 9 ‘ materials ’—209, R. 1. 10 ‘ for his ’—p. 142, R. 7 ; 244, 

R. 3, (5). 11 ‘ of his’—p. 142, R. 7 ; 12 ‘ a mere.’ 13 ‘ an invaluable ’— 

p. 142, R. 5. 

Q 1 ‘you have’—245; 244, R. 3. (1). 2 ‘if they are’—211; 209. 
Q 3 ‘ of its ’—246, 1. 4 ‘ will be’—245. 5 ‘upon it ’—245 ; 244, R. 
3, (5). c ‘ for the ’ - 70. 7 ‘ has been ’—245. 8 ‘ so that the ’—245 ; 244, 

R. 3, (2). 9 ‘to his’—p. 142, R. 7 ; 244, R. 3, (5). >°‘Richter’s-p. 

211, No. 66; p. 206, No. 66; p. 205, § 20, R. 1. c. 11 ‘and he was.’ 
12 ‘ derived.’ 13 ‘ without which '—245 ; 244, R. 3, (5). 


A 1 70. 2 ‘ of my ’—242 ; 244, R. 3, (5 1 ; 245. 3 ‘ childhood ’—168 - 
9; 219, 1. 4 219, 1. * 153, 2; 53. 8 152, 1. 7 ‘ 53 ; Orth., 3,1. 
8 124, 2. 9 ‘and every’—71; 246,2. 10 ‘ and the’—71; 245, R. 1. 
>'53; 156, R. 1. 12 207; 209. > 3 153 ; 1. 1 4 149, 4. > 3 27, 4. > 201, 
R. 1. 17 212, R. 2. 18 152, 1. > 9 229, R. 1. 



FIRST STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC READER. 


77 

| A >52. 2 64. 3 168; 169, 3. 4 219,1. ’220, a; 236, 1. «168; 
169, 1, a; 219, 1. 7153, 2. *152, 2. »232, R. 3. 10117 ^ 3 . 

" ‘my father’s ’ 244, R. 3, (2). 12 64. This rule requires the primi¬ 

tive word sigh to he written with Es. Of course, sighs should be writ¬ 
ten by merely adding Iss. See Orth., 6 and 7. 13 37, R. 1. 14 229, R. 

1 and 2. 15 ‘inconceivable’—228, R. 11. 16 ‘always on-the eve and 

on-the morrow’—229, R. 2, h. *’156, 2. 18 40, R. 2; p. 142, R. 5; 

178, R. 1. '9 63,6,1. 20 236, 3, h. 2 '124, 1. 


n 1 117, 3. 2 153, 1. 3 ‘by his’ 252, R. 7. 4240, R.l. »‘a 
valuable’—71 ; 252, R. 5. «171, R. 3 ; 236, 4. ’219, 2. «246, 1. 

9 114. 



1 ‘useful’—40, R. 2. 2 213, R. 1 ; 220. 3 ‘uncommon ’— 252, 

R. 5. b. 4 ‘ should be ’—72, b. *212, R. 6. «‘ higher ’—102, 


R. 2; 146, R. 3. 


13 


' ‘ creation ’—136. 2 * to-night ’—229. 3 ‘ I did ’ —103. 


M '220, b , 2; 220, R. 2; Orth., 5, R. 1, b. 2 ‘ whate’er’s’—229. 
The word-sign for what is here used as a prefix-sign. 3 148, 3, 
b, and R. 2. 4 * diseases ’ —65, b. ’Part IV., p. 23, § 31. 6 240, 2. 
7 ‘ as well as ’—244, R. 3, (2). * ‘ and they will ’ —71. 0 Orth., 6 and 7. 
'<>171, a, 2. 


1 r ' 153, 2. 2 153, 1. 3 156, 2. 4 240, 2. 6 240, 1. « ‘ from his ’ 

0 —252, R. 7 , a. 7 ‘ sail their ’ 211. *52. 9 169,3. '<>113. 

n ‘encumbered’—228, R. 1, a and e. ' 2 218. ' 3 219, 1. > 4 207, R. 5. 

* numberless ’ - 252, R. 5. 



'103. 2 117, 3. 3 ‘ against the r —187, R. 1. a. 4 60. “‘in¬ 
sult’—174, 2. 6 ‘as if’ 246,4. 7 ‘ for their own ’—211 and R. 1. 



1 103. 2 ‘ as well ’— 244, R. 3, (6). 



i‘ugh!’—51, R. 4. 2 103. 3 ‘ as much as ’— 244, R. 3, (6); 
246. 4 ‘you can go’—244, R. 3, (1 and 3). 5 240, 1. c ‘to 


have’—201, R. 4. 









78 


FIRST STANDARD-PHONOGllAPHIC READER. 


-j A 1 169, 3. 2 * didn’t ’—217. 3 p. 142, R. 7. a. 4 Bleft is used a 
1 J the outline for either beliiv'ed or beliivd, the same as beloved 
in the common spelling. 5 103. c 1 couldst ’— 252, R. 5. 7 63, b, 1. 

*245. 9 240, 1. 10 219, 1. 11 ‘her’ here probably refers to “Celestial 

Love” in the preceding paragraph. 12 53. 13 219, 2. 

>65. 2 64. 3 236, 3; 244, R. 3, (2). 3 136. * 103. c< 0 nhis’ 
-252, R. 7, a. 7 217. *60. 9 ‘ of my ’—244, R. 3, (5); 245. 
79 ‘ methought’. 7 • 166, b; 171, 2. 12 156, 2. 73 ‘ as it is ’ - 252, R. 7, 
a. 74 ‘and thou wilt.’ 15 146, R. 3. 19 ‘pure’ is written with Pee- 
Ray, in violation of a general rule (152, 2), to distinguish it in unvocal¬ 
ized writing from 1 poor’ (Pee-Ar). 17 * want of the self-consuming ’— 
p. 113, R. 14, c. 7 * 103. 

OI 1 191, R. 3, b. 2 207, R. 5. 3 ‘ from which the’—244, R. 3, 

LY. (5). 4 136. 5 217. 6 ‘ and are ’- 71. 7 ‘ and sustaining the ’ 

—113. *220, b, 3. 

’59. 2 Saardam. ’ 3 244, R. 3, (1) ; 245. 4 169, 4. 5 219,1. 

-40, R. 2; p. 142, R. 5. 9 156, 


OO '59. 2 Saardam.’ 3 244, R. 8 

LL G 171, 2. 7 169, 1, c. * ‘being’ 
2. 79 232, 5. ] V assured.’ 72 219, 2. 


2 ^) 1 ‘ cn my’—244, R. 3, (5) ; 245. 2 p. 142, R. 5. 3 219, 1. 

3 4 Orth., 7. R. 1. 5 * you will be.’ 9 156, 2. 7 ‘in my’—244, 
R. 3, (5); 245. 

244, R. 3, (5). 2 p. 142, R. 7, a. 3 244, R, 3, (2); 245. 
where’s ’ — 44, 2; 148, 3, b and R. 2 , a. 5 ‘ you will have 
been the ’-244, R. 3, (1 and 3); 249. 


24 ; 2 


A I" 1 ‘ I was made a’—244, R. 3, (1 and 3). 2 149, R. 2. 3 244, 

Lt) R- 3, (5). 4 ‘ might be the.’ 

A j * 7 228, R. 10. 2 103. 3 ‘ I thank you.’ 4 ‘and so.’ 6 156, 

Zl) 2. 9 ‘I can’—103; 245. 7 ‘overhauled’—229 and R. 1. 

9 * wanted’—a derivative sign-word—p. 142, R. 5. 9 El is here used in¬ 
stead of Lay for convenience of vocalization; Orth. 3, 2. 10 ‘she has’ 

- p 142, R. 7, («). 11 ‘ I give you.’ 

A H ’‘that this is the.’ 2 156, R. 1, (6). 3 148, R. 1. 4 ‘ you 

L I are ’ - 37, R. 2, (c). 5 ‘ as if—244, R. 3, (6) ; 246, 4. 9 ‘ court- 

martial.’ 7 ‘ what does it.’ 








FIRST STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC READER. 79 

'153, 5 , a. 2 ‘I want’ 103. 3 ‘and see the’—71; 246, 


28 ; l( 


* )0 '‘does not.’ 2 ‘in their’—211. 3 ‘materials’—210, R. 1. 
Zj 4 212, R. 6. s ‘love their’—211. «112, R. 1, 6. 7 ‘and it 

might be.’ 8 ‘beings’ 40, R. 2. 9 ‘Boulevards,’ Builevardz, or, as 

a French word, Butlevar. 10 ‘ promenading ’ (see Webster’s Diction¬ 
ary)-220 ; 217. "‘those who would.’ ' 2 156, 2. > 3 232, 2 R. 3, c. 

54 ‘which have been’ 201, R. 4. 13 ‘from their’—211. 13 136. 

17 ‘ thus is ’—p. 143, R. 7, 6. 


30 


•reminded.’ Orth. § 7, 1. 2 65; 66, 2. 3 ‘ companions. ’ 

Pee-Nens (not Pen-Ens), because of ‘company,’ Pee-En. 
Orth. 7, 1. 


31 


1 ‘ above the. ’ See Standard-Phonographic Dictionary under 
Above. 2 ‘on their’—72,6. 3 ‘in my.’ 4 ‘ but of ’—201, 

R. 4. 3 ‘ and of a ’—201, R. 4. 6 ‘ I wished.’ 7 232, 14. 8 228, R. 1, e. 


1 ‘intrepidity’—208, b. 2 27, R. 4. 3 ‘entrance’—208, b. 

SL 

1 156, 1, b ; 53. 2 114, R. 1. 3 ‘ of such a.’ 4 ‘ which made.’ 
00 5 124, 2; 120, R. 2 , a. 6 ‘there was no.’ 7 146, R. 3. 

6 ‘ we were.’ 

i 14 suit ’ (sut). “ This is sometimes pronounced as a French 
word, swet; but in all its senses this is the same [as the 
French suite] , and the affectation of making it French in one use, and 
English in another, is improper, not to say ridiculous.”—Webster’s Un¬ 
abridged Dictionary, under Suit, n , No. 4. 2 ‘ eldest.’ 3 236, 3 6. 4 ‘ in 
spite.’ 3 ‘ cauldron’—208, 6. 6 ‘ I trod.’ 7 ‘ I will not.’ 8 ‘occa¬ 

sioned.’ See Standard-Phonographic Dictionary, under Ancient. 
9 ‘ disasters ’—171, 2. 39 112, R. 1, a. 

‘'from their’—211. 2 ‘on my.’ 3 240, 1. 4 ‘ mistook ’—236, 

236,3. 3 ‘unused ’—p. 142, R. 5. 6 ‘quarters.’ 

t'iH 1 ‘ to have an ’—201, R. 4. 2 ‘ he has been.’ 3 246, 1. 4 ‘ Said,’ 
^ ( pronounced sa'id—98, ahi. 3 ‘ Louis’—98, ool. 


i 








80 


FIRST STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC READER. 


on i*in comparison ’ —p. 112, R. 7. 2 ‘ that which has been. 

30 3 ‘ overpowers ’—229 and R. 1, a. 

*)A i‘so great.' 2 ‘an hour.’ 3 ‘intervalp. 113, R. 10, b. 
3t/ 4 ‘ on your’—72, b. 5 ‘onward’—p. 144. c ‘on the other.’ 

i -| i‘former’—164. 2 ‘out of’—201, R. 4. 3 ‘in considering 

3JL the ’-—p. 112, R. 7. 4 ‘ that it was very great. ’ 5 ‘ that this is 
not the.’ 6 ‘ we have been’—249. 7 ‘ Alpha Centauri.’ 8 ‘of those 

that are.’ 9 ‘ that are ’—37, R. 2, c. 10 ‘ that we.’ 11 * interval ’—p. 
113, R. 10, b. 


iO i ‘ objects ’—142, R. 1. 2 ‘ Lord Rosse.’ 3 ‘ so many’—244, 

R. 3, (2). 4 ‘of those which are.’ 5 ‘ as far as the ' — 246, 4. 
6 ‘ might have.’ 7 ‘on our.’ 8 ‘stratum,’ strat-um (Webster, stra - - 
tum). 

| Q 1 ‘ vastness ’—236, 3. 2 ‘ what do you.’ 3 ‘ each of’—201, R. 

33 4. 4 ‘ side-rial.’ ’ ‘ in this manner.’ 6 ‘ should have a.’ 



1 ‘ must have a.’ 2 ‘ onto ’—233, R. 2. 

i ‘ methinks.’ 2 ‘ a spirit.’ 3 240, 2. 4 ‘ high ’ - 146, R. 3. 

1 ‘ all my.’ 2 ‘ my own.’ 3 ‘ in its.’ 

1 ‘ and wanting.’ 




'‘Lyonnet,’ Leona’. 2 ‘monsieur’ mos'ye. 2 ‘Strauss.’ 
•i‘tracheae,’ tra'kie, pi. of ‘trachea.’ 5 * one of the most.’ 


51 :: 


1 ‘ laminae,’ lam-ine, pi. of ‘ lamina, a thin plate. 2 ‘ cad’dis.’ 

2 ‘ ephem-eron.’ 


ro 14 to himself.’ 2 ‘ as well as the.’ 3 ‘intellectual’—236, 4. 
4 ‘and you have an.’ 5 ‘peripatetic.’ 6 ‘it must also be.’ 
i ‘ and it is as ’—p. 142, R. 7. 8 ‘ are there ’—211. 








FIRST STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC READER. 


81 


Y *■) 14 fervet opus.’ 2 ‘ everything.’ 3 ‘ che non arde non incen- 

Jj de,’ ke non ard&, non inchande. See Extended Alphabet, p. 

206,24. 4 ‘ and patient.’ See the Standard-Phonographic Dictionary, 

under Ancient. 

Y J ‘‘as well as.’ 2 212, R. 4. 3 ‘ akyurasi.’ See Standard- 

Phonographic Dictionary, under Accurate and Accuracy. 
4 ‘ of his mind.’ 5 ‘ for the sake,’ the being omitted. c ‘ with this.’ 
7 ‘ of everything.’ 

YY ’‘Ignatius Loyolas’s,’ Ignashius Lo.yo'laz. "‘and acquire 
a.’ 3 ‘ on the other ’—136. 4 ‘ as much.’ 5 ‘ while theirs ’ — 

211. 6 ‘ concentration ’—208, 2, b. 7 ‘ in his own.’ 

Y / * ' ‘ that which is.’ 2 ‘ much more ’ —164. 3 ‘ their own.’ 

3\ ) 4 ‘ as much.’ 5 ‘ modesty ’ — 216, a. (; ‘ one’s-self.’ 

rr i‘in his own.’ 2 ‘we do not.’ 3 * we must be’—236, 2. 

3 | 4 ‘ that it is.' 5 ‘ unimproved ’—p. 142, R. 5. 6 ‘ transferred ’ 

—213, R. 1. 

kq i‘at once.' £ ‘ see there.’ 3 ‘ and in faith.’ 4 ‘ La Fon- 
3(j taine’s’—La Fo ( tan’z. See the Appendix to the Compendium, 
§§ 12 and 13. 5 ‘ in so far.’ c ‘ there should be.’ 7 ‘ it can do.’ »‘ it 

cannot do.’ 

K 


59 


‘‘our own.’ 2 ‘ in the mind.’ 3 ‘in their way.’ 4 ‘can 
never.’ 5 * this kind.’ c 1 of his own.’ 


r* 1 ‘ if there be ’-209. 2 ‘I can.’ 3 ‘ I have never.’ 4 ‘there 

is no more.’ 5 ‘ intellectual ’ 236, 4. 


61 


‘ ‘ Pestalozzi,’ Pastalot'se. 2 ‘and feed.’ 3 ‘ so many.' 
4 ‘ who are.’ 5 ‘ of other men.’ 6 ‘ encumber ’—228, R. 1, c. 

i‘of our’ — 246, 1. 2 ‘ when they are ’—211. 3 ‘can be said’ 

1)^ — 245. 4 ‘ whatsoever ’—232, 16. r, ‘inyour.’ ‘ much more 

than ’164. 7 ‘ that can ’—217. 8 ‘ in their ’—211. a ‘ withal ’—233. 

io‘it is also to be’—250, 2. “ ‘ but of the ’—201, It. 4. i 2 * whereas the ’ 

—p. 142, R. 7. 








82 


FIRST STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC READER. 


/■» *) i ‘ Magna Charta ’—228, 10. 2 ‘ object ’—142, R. 1. 3 ‘ must 

00 be made.’ 4 ‘ by men.’ 5 ‘ ought to be able ’ —250, 2. G ‘Rich¬ 
ter ’ p. 211, No. 66; p. 206, § 24, No. 66; p. 205, § 20, R. 1, c. 
7‘out of’-201, R. 4. 


1 * upon our own.’ 2 ‘ and self-control.’ 3 ‘ must have their ’ 
—236, 3 ; 211. 4 ‘ on the contrary ’— the being omitted. 5 ‘ I 
am not only.’ G ‘ as they’—246, 4. 7 ‘ on their part.’ 8 ‘Pythago¬ 

ras’s.’ a ‘ sensuality. ’ 


r*Y 1 ‘ one’s-self ’ 232, R. 7. 2 * of his own.’ 

(33 that.’ 4 ‘ as well as his ’ —p. 142, R. 7, h. 
with quite a new interest.’ 


3 ‘ it is necessary 
■’ * will-be-regarded 



1 ‘ which must be done. ’ 2 ‘ may also be. ’ 3 ‘ because they 

do not.' 4 1 in the world ’ —the being omitted. 5 * and are.’ 



1 ‘in the world.’ 2 ‘ and expend the.’ 3 ‘give you’—245. 
4 ‘no man.’ 5 ‘ an object.’ 0 ‘it is only.’ 


“A Prayer in Summer..” 14 wilt.’ -‘perfumed.’ ?‘up- 
00 gushing’ 229 and R. 1, a. ■■ 1 1 cannot.’ s ‘I can never.’ 
® ‘ I know —245. 7 ‘I shall.’ 6 ‘ better than.’ y ‘that are’ 37, R. 

2, c. 


/»A 1 ‘ I can.’ 2 ‘ angels ’—164, R. 1, h. 3 ‘ hear their ’—211. 

oJ 


1 ‘ wha [=who] hangs his head and a’ that.’ o l (=au l ) in the 
direction of Bee, is used in this extract as a word-sign for the 
Scotch a ,’ that is, contracted all. ~ ‘daur’ =dare. 3 ‘gowd’ —gold. 
4 hamely ’ =humble. 5 ‘ gie ’ =give. ‘ Selks ’ is the Scottish pronun¬ 
ciation of silks. e ‘birkie’=ber'ky, a fine fellow. 7 ‘ca’d’ —called. 
8 ‘coof ’ =fool. 


1 ‘aboon ’ —above. 2 ‘ guid faith, he maunna fa’that’= 
( \ ‘ surely, he must not attempt that’ ; ‘ guid ’ —good—p. 210, 

§ 25, No. 29 ; p. 202, § 7 ; p. 203, § 9, 3. 3 the usual word-sign for of 
is used in this extract for 6, the Scottish pronunciation of of. 4 ‘ gree ’ 
palm, supremacy. >‘in a word.’ c ‘we have done the’—249. 
7 ‘ as-far-as intellect ’—246, 4. 










ANDREW J. GRAHAM, 

AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER. 

744 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 

PHONOGRAPHY is a shorthand system of writing according to sound or pronun¬ 
ciation, rejecting silent letters and ambiguous signs. The original system (Steno¬ 
graphic Sound-Hand, 1837) was an improvement by Isaac Pitman, of England, on 
the system of Harding (18-3, 1828), which was an improvement on the system of 
Samuel Taylor (1786). 

“ EDITIONS ” OF THE OLD PHONOGRAPHY .—The Old Phonography was va¬ 
riously modified. The different modifications, or systems, called 44 editions,” were 
published—First edition, in 1837 ; Second edition, Jan., 1840 ; Third edition, Pec., 
1840 ; Fourth edition, 1841 ; Fifth edition, 1812; Sixth edition, 1844 ; Seventh 
edition, 1845; Eighth edition, 1847 ; Ninth edition, 1853. This last and best edi¬ 
tion was made the basis of Standard Phonography. See Odds and Ends for an ac¬ 
count of the characteristics of these 44 editions.” 



il Standard Phonography is now acknowledged by the most accomplished phonog- 
raphers to be the best system of shorthand writing that has ever been offered to the 
world. In the Adaptation of its Characters to the sounds of our language, in its 
Legibility, in its Powers of Contraction, in the Rapidity with which it can be writ¬ 
ten, in the Logical and Convenient A rrangement and Presentation of its Principles, 
and in its Ease of Acquisition, it immeasurably surpasses every other system of short¬ 
hand .— Prof. John B. Holmes, A. M., LL. B. 

44 The only system worth the attempt to learn.”— Chas. A. Sumner, the leading 
reporter of San Francisco. 

44 Standard Phonography is the most philosophical, rapid, and beautiful system 
of shorthand writing ever invented. The system of Phonography as now used, is 
























G O 

11 

the result of the labor and study of Andrew J. Graham, by whom Pitman’s system was 
used as a basis, while he has made very many alterations, and added many new 
features [new principles, rules, combinations, devices, contractions, and word- 
signs], making it at once the most unique and useful system of writing that can be 
imagined. Haverhill Gazette . 

IMITATIONS .—See comparisons of them with Standard Phonography in ALL 
ABO UT PHONOGRAPHY. where the demonstration is complete that the 
imitations require about one tliird more labor an l space than Standard Phonogra¬ 
phy; and are inferior in every other respect. See Visitor Yol. II., for an overwhelm¬ 
ing body of testimonials from the best reporters of the country, against the inferi¬ 
or imitations and in favor of Standard Phonography. See Chas. A. Sumner’s Lec¬ 
ture on Shorthand and Reporting. 


THE STANDARD-PHONOGllAPIIIC SE1UES. 

4< A more complete series of works on any subject than Mr. Graham’s Standard- 
Phonographic Series has never been published. These Text-Books are the only ones 
that are perfect in themselves ; and, in no respect, could I suggest an improve¬ 
ment in the manner of bringing the subject before even the dullest student ; and 
the introduction of them into all institutions of learning, where Phonography is 
taught, is the highest compliment that can be paid to their merit.”—C harles Flow¬ 
ers, a superior reporter . 

The Outline.— In M iniature Book-form, bound in paper, 5 cents. One Doz¬ 
en, 36 cents. 

The Little Teaclier. —Comprises:l. Tiie Outline, presenting all the 
chief elements of Standard Phonography in eight primer-size pages ; 2. The Little 
Reading Exercises— furnishing in 16 little pages an exercise on each section of the 
Outline . 3. Miniature edition of The Correspondent’s List of "Word-Signs, Con¬ 

tractions, Phrase-Signs, Prefixes, and Affixes of the Corresponding Style. J8GS"* The 
Little Teacher is a useful pocket companion for students of the Synopsis or Hand- 
Book . Price, 40 cents. 

The Synopsis.— New and Revised edition.—Comprises : 1. The Synopsis (in 23 
duodecimo pages) of all of the Principles of the Corresponding Style, unmistakably 
repsented, with numerous engraved illustrations. 2. “The Correspondent’s List” 
—12mo edition—comprising an alphabetical list of Corresponding Word-Signs, 
Contractions, Phrase-Signs, Prefixes, and Affixes. 3. “The Reading Exercises”— 
in which there is an extended illustration and application of each section of the 
text; followed by several pages of connected reading matter, with an inter¬ 
lined translation. This edition is well adapted to the use of either Classes or Pri¬ 
vate Students. J8£g=* This is a highly useful book for students of the Hand- 
Book ; in making frequent reviews of the elements.—Price 50 cents. 

The Hand-Book. — Presents every principle of every stjde of the Art—com¬ 
mencing with the analysis of words, and proceeding to the most rapid Reporting 
Style—in such a Form and Manner, with such Fullness of Explanation and Com¬ 
pleteness of Illustration, and with such other features as to fully adapt the work to 
the use of Schools and to Self-Instruction. The analysis and classification of the 
of the sounds of the voice (given in the Appendix to Part II.), will furnish invalua¬ 
ble assistance to those wishing to get the correct pronunciation of any foreign lan¬ 
guage. 366 duodecimo pages. Price, bound iu muslin, with embossed side-title, 
$2.00; post-paid, $2.10. 

il Full, Concise and Philosophical in its development of the theory of writing 
by sound, Admirable in its arrangement , and Replete with Improvements and re- 

- _ -- _ _ __ _. 









•«• 
111 

finements on the Art as previously defined, it affords the learner a safer means 
of obtaining a speed in reporting at least one fourth greater than can be acquired by any 
other method. 9 *—New York Herald . 

First Reader.—New and Revised Edition : Stereographed in the Correspond¬ 
ing Style ; with interpaged Key ; with Questions ; and with Notes. $1.75 ; 
postpaid, $1.81. Key separate, with Questions and Notes; 50c.; postpaid, 54c. 

Second Reader.—New and Revised Edition : Stereographed in the Report¬ 
ing Style, with Key and Notes. To be studied in connection with the Reporting- 
Style chapter of the Hand-Book. $1.75 ; postpaid, $1.81. 

Standard-Plionographic Dictionary.—“The last great crowning work 
of tiie Standard Series,” gives the pronunciation and the best outlines (Corres¬ 
ponding, Advanced Corresponding, and Reporting) of about 60,000 words, and 
the forms for about 60,000 phrases. Beyond comparison with any shorthand dic¬ 
tionary or vocabulary ever published. Invaluable to writers of either style. 
Cloth, $5 ; genuine morocco, $7 ; (Octavo-form from the same plates, with wide 
margins), clotn, $6 ; leather, $8 ; morocco, $9. 

The Reporter’s Fist,—With engraved forms, combining in one list, in chart- 
I like form, and in phonographic-alphabetical order, all the Word-Signs, Contrac¬ 
tions, etc., contained in lists of the Hand-Book, and with many thousand other 
words for comparison, contrast, and distinction, with explanations in the cor¬ 
responding style. 1000 engraved pages and 189 pages of common print, consist¬ 
ing of Preface , Introduction , Notes , and Index . The Index is arranged in the com¬ 
mon-alphabetical order, which permits the easy finding of any word or phrase 
in the book. A very valuable work. Total number of pages 1189. Price, cloth, 
$5 ; leather, $6 ; morocco, $7. 

Practice-Book Series.—UCS= Unvocalized-Corresponding Style . Engraved 
in tlie Advanced-Corresponding Style, with Key and Questions and Notes. Very 
useful for practice in reading or writing without the vowels. Composed of short 
articles of scientific aud literary matters. Very interesting and instructive. 
12mo, 12*2 pages. Cloth. Price, $1.25. 

ICR= Inter column Reporting Style. A series of Business Letters engraved in 
the Reporting Style, iff one column and in the adjoining column (most conven¬ 
ient for reference) Key, Notes and Questions. A large portion of these letters 
were received from phonographers to whom they had been dictated by their em¬ 
ployers, and they furnish a great variety of subjects and styles of composition. 
This book will prove invaluable to the student preparing for office work. 12mo, 
122 pages. Cloth. Price, $1.25. 

Lady of the Fake.—By Sir Walter Scott. With Frontispiece. Stereo¬ 
graphed in the advanced-corresponding style, with interpaged Key ; and with 
Notes. Total number of pages, 328. Price, $2 ; postpaid, $2.10. Morocco, $4 ; 
postpaid, $4.10. 

Moral Culture.—A portion of Prof. John Blackie’s celebrated lecture “On 
Self-Culture,” also several valuable miscellaneous articles ; engraved in the Ad¬ 
vanced-Corresponding Style, and with common-print Key. 39 pages of engrav¬ 
ing, 31 pages of common-print. A very interesting and useful book for phonog¬ 
raphers. Cloth. Price, 75 cents. 

Odds and Ends— (or Phonographic Intelligencer). —In common-print.—Has 
a variety of matter of interest and value to phonographers. 75 cents. 

PERIODICAF YOFUMES. 

The Student’s Journal.—A 20 quarto-page monthly devoted to Standard 
Phonography, has been published continuously since 1872. It succeeded the 
Standard-Phonographic Visitor (a weekly) which was published continuously for 
five years preceding 1872. The Student’s Journal is the oldest and best pho¬ 
nographic journal in America. Each number has eight pages of lithographed 
and several pages of engraved phonography. News of importance to phonog¬ 
raphers, portraits, biographical sketches, aud fac-siiniles of the reporting notes 
of prominent phonographers, are frequently given. Subscription price $1. per 
year. For list of bound volumes of the Journal, see Price List below. Sample 
copy free. 
















iv 

PRICE-LIST OF BOOKS AND ARTICLES NOT PREVIOUSLY 

MENTIONED. 

Ppd. 

Brief Longhand.- - - - 60° “ 

Dr. Stone, Sketch of, cloth - - - - 25 “ 

“ “ paper - - 10 “ 

Envelopes : per package of 25 -.10 “ 

Alphabet (Phonographic) 

Glance (at Phonography) 

Lord’s Prayer (reporting style) 

Christian Names 

Lessons to an Ex-Pitmanite, cloth.50 “ 

“ “ “ paper-.25 “ 

Note-Book (Pencil) - .--- 05 08 

Paper, per Quire 

“ Good Plain Note (Blue Lines) - ------ 10 15 

“ Triple-Line (Red Lines) .15 20 

“ “ Per pkg. of 5 quires -. 60 85 

“ “ Per ream.2.10 3.00 

(Topoints where the express rate is not over $5 per 100 lbs ., a ream can be 
sent cheaper by express than by mail). 

Payne’s Business Letter Writer - 50 “ 

“ “ Educator—An Enclycopedia of Business Knowl¬ 
edge, including Lessons in Typewriting. 600 pp- - - 2.00 “ 

Pencils (Graham's Reporting) per doz -- - • - - -50“ 

“ “ “ per half gross - 2.75 2.95 

“ “ “ per gross ----- 5.005.35 

Pens (Steel), per box (12 doz).1.50 “ 

“ (Gold) with “Ideal” fountain holder - - - - - 4.00 “ 

“ “Ideal” fountain-holder alone ------ 2.50 “ 

Phonographic Numerals - --.25“ 

Reporting Cover - -- -- -- -- - - 35 40 

Sumner’s “ Notes of Travel in Northern Europe.” 

385 pp.; 90 illustrations. -. 2.00 2.10 

Sumner’s “ Shorthand and Reporting ”—part engraved - 10 “ 

STUDENT’S JOURNAL : 

Yol. I. (1872), to Yol. V., odd numbers only, per number, 20 “ 

Vols. VI. to XIX, bound, each ------- 1.501.68 

Yols. YI. VII., VIII., in one Vol., half leather - - - 3.50 3.75 

Vols. IX., X., XI., in one Vol., half leather - 3.50 3.75 

Vols. XII., XIII., XIV., in one Vol., half leather - - 3.503.75 

Vols. XV., XVI., XVII., in one Vol., half leather - - 3.50 3.75 

For the above 4 Vols., if ordered at one time - -13.CO 

Vol. XX. (1891), Subscription .1.00 “ 

The Student's Journal Binder -------- 1.00 “ 

This is the best self-binder we know of. It is in cloth binding, has the title stamped 


c ‘ The ditto mark is here used to mean “ the same as at the left.” 
i. e., that no charge is made for postage. 



























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